Reinstatement of Pedicularis delavayi (Orobanchaceae): a species separating from P. siphonantha revealed by phylogenetic analyses
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Abstract
Background. Morphological identification of Pedicularis depends on floral characters because interspecific variations these characters is very large. However, some important characters may be lost during the process of pressing the specimen. Pedicularis delavayi was described from Lijiang, northwestern Yunnan, and it was widely adopted as a variety of P. siphonantha. Unfortunately, the name “P. siphonantha var. delavayi’ incorrectly referred to P. milliana/P. tenuituba in some identified specimens and publications. Moreover, phylogenetic relationships between P. delavayi and P. siphonantha and its allies (P. millana and P. tenuituba) were not fully resolved. Methods. In total, we sampled 75 individuals representing 56 taxa. Of them, 10 taxa were from P. siphonantha group, and 11 individuals of P. delavayi represented 9 populations. One nuclear gene (nrITS) and four chloroplast genes/regions (matK, rbcL, trnH-psbA, and trnL-F) were sequenced for phylogenetic analyses. The nrITS and plastid datasets were combined to analyze. Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) methods were used to reconstruct phylogenetic trees. Species identification, morphological comparison and line drawing were based on field observation, dried herbarium specimens and FFA-fixed samples. Results. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the P. siphonantha group was polyphyletic: monophyletic P. delavayi, sister to P. obliquigaleata, fell into clade A; and the remaining species of P. siphonantha group was in clade B as monophyletic (i.e. P. siphonantha lineage). In the P. siphonantha lineage, P. milliana, P. siphonantha, and P. tenuituba (= P. siphonantha var. stictochila) were well supported as monophyletic, and P. dolichosiphon (≡ P. siphonantha var. dolichosiphon) was sister to P. leptosiphon. Morphologically, P. delavayi differs from species of the P. siphonantha lineage in having a long petiole (~ 50 mm) and pedicel (~ 40 mm), a ridged corolla tube, and a folded lower-lip of the corolla. Discussion. Phylogenetic analyses showed evolution of P. delavayi was independent from the P. siphonantha lineage. The long-tubular corollas in P. delavayi and P. siphonantha lineage might be a convergent character. Both morphological and phylogenetic evidence strongly supported to reinstate P. delavayi as an independent species. In addition, P. neolatituba was proposed to reduce as a new synonymy of P. delavayi.
Cite this as
2017. Reinstatement of Pedicularis delavayi (Orobanchaceae): a species separating from P. siphonantha revealed by phylogenetic analyses. PeerJ Preprints 5:e2645v2 https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.2645v2Author comment
1. Corrected as double family name: Alisa E. Grabovskaya-Borodina;
2. Add a new isotype of Pedicularis delavayi conserved at MPU;
Sections
Supplemental Information
Taxonomic overview of P. delavayi, P. siphonantha and its allies
Summary of studied long-tubed species in this study, including voucher information and GenBank accessions
Holotype of Pedicularis delavayi Franch. ex Maxim., Delavay s.n. (barcode LE 01010308)
Holotype of Pedicularis neolatituba P. C. Tsoong, H. Smith 3162 (barcode PE 00033070)
DNA sequence matrix of the total data, including command block for Bayesian Inference
Additional Information
Competing Interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Author Contributions
Wen-Bin Yu conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, wrote the paper, prepared figures and/or tables, reviewed drafts of the paper.
Hong Wang conceived and designed the experiments, wrote the paper, reviewed drafts of the paper.
Min-Lu Liu performed the experiments, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, reviewed drafts of the paper.
Alisa E. Grabovskaya-Borodina prepared figures and/or tables, reviewed drafts of the paper.
De-Zhu Li conceived and designed the experiments, wrote the paper, reviewed drafts of the paper.
DNA Deposition
The following information was supplied regarding the deposition of DNA sequences:
To be submitted to GenBank.
Data Deposition
The following information was supplied regarding data availability:
The raw data has been supplied as a supplementary file. To be submitted to GenBank.
Funding
This study is supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 31470323, and 31200185), the National Key Basic Research Program of China (2014CB954100), the Major International Joint Research Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (31320103919), the West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y2227111W1), Visiting Scholar Fellowship of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the research project of the Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences: “Collections of vascular plants in BIN RAS (history, conservation, study and replenishment). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
