Differential responses of the seed germination of three functional groups to low temperature and darkness in a typical steppe, Northern China

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Plant Biology

Main article text

 

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Study site and materials

Seed germination

Statistical analysis

Results

Seed final germination proportion

Seed germinative force

Seed germination duration

Seed germination start

Relationships between germination indexes

Discussion

Effect of temperature on seed germination

Effect of light on seed germination

Interaction effect of temperature and light on seed germination

Conclusion

Supplemental Information

Additional Information and Declarations

Competing Interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Author Contributions

Mengzhou Liu performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, and approved the final draft.

Ning Qiao performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, and approved the final draft.

Bing Zhang analyzed the data, authored or reviewed drafts of the article, and approved the final draft.

Fengying Liu conceived and designed the experiments, prepared figures and/or tables, and approved the final draft.

Yuan Miao performed the experiments, authored or reviewed drafts of the article, and approved the final draft.

Ji Chen analyzed the data, authored or reviewed drafts of the article, and approved the final draft.

Yanfeng Sun performed the experiments, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the article, and approved the final draft.

Peng Wang performed the experiments, authored or reviewed drafts of the article, and approved the final draft.

Dong Wang conceived and designed the experiments, authored or reviewed drafts of the article, and approved the final draft.

Data Availability

The following information was supplied regarding data availability:

The raw data is available as a Supplemental File.

Funding

This work was supported by the Henan Science and Technology Research Project (222102110126), Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (202300410082), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC31600380, 31701831). Ji Chen received grants from the EU H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (No. 839806), Aarhus University Research Foundation (AUFF-E-2019-7-1), Danish Independent Research Foundation (1127-00015B), and Nordic Committee of Agriculture and Food Research. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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