Mode-specific effects of concentric and eccentric isokinetic training of the hamstring muscle at slow angular velocity on the functional hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio-a randomized trial

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Mode-specific effects of concentric and eccentric isokinetic training of the hamstring muscle at slow angular velocity on the functional hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio-a randomized trial Read the full article https://t.co/Gg8Zy94Lwf #Kinesiology #Orthopedics #SportsMedicine
Mode-specific effects of concentric and eccentric isokinetic training of the hamstring muscle at slow angular velocity on the functional hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio-a randomized trial Read the full article https://t.co/boyWq2sfOZ #Kinesiology #Orthopedics #SportsMedicine
Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation

Main article text

 

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Study design

Participants

Outcome measures

  • Eccentric peak torque of the hamstring (PTecc)

  • Concentric peak torque of the quadriceps (PTcon)

  • Functional hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio (PTecc:PTcon)

  • Acceleration time of the hamstring (AThams)

  • Acceleration time of the quadriceps (ATquad)

  • Deceleration time of the hamstring (DThams)

  • Deceleration time of the quadriceps (DTquad)

  • Time to peak torque of the hamstring (TPThams)

  • Time to peak torque of the quadriceps (TPTquad)

Instrumentation

  • Biodex multijoint system isokinetic device (Biodex Multi-Joint System 4; Biodex Medical Inc., Shirley, NY, USA)

  • Universal goniometer

Study protocol

  • A. Pre-intervention evaluation: The non-dominant extremity was chosen for intervention. Before testing, the nondominant extremity was prepared by performing quadriceps, hamstring, and calf muscle stretching (30 s stretch, 30 s relax, and three repetitions). The participants were made to sit on an isokinetic dynamometer device. The axis of rotation of the isokinetic device was set parallel to the lateral femoral condyle. The range of motion at the knee joint was established between 5° knee extension and 100° knee flexion. The baseline values of all outcome variables were recorded in both groups.

  1. Measurement of PTecc (hamstring): The isokinetic eccentric/concentric mode was selected in the dynamometer device. In this mode, the hamstring muscle first underwent eccentric contraction and then concentric contraction. During an eccentric contraction, angular velocity was set at 60°/s. Participants were asked to practice the movement three times with submaximal load to become familiar with the movement. Since only the eccentric peak toque measurement was intended, therefore, participants were asked to resist movement with maximal force during the eccentric phase and relax during the concentric phase. No peak torque measurement was made during the concentric phase. Participants were asked to perform the movement three times with maximum effort; then the mean of these three readings was taken as the baseline value. Baseline values of AThams, DThams, and TPThams were also recorded.

  2. Measurement of PTcon (quadriceps): After a gap of 10-min, the concentric peak torque of the quadriceps was measured. Concentric/concentric mode was selected on the dynamometer device. The angular velocity was selected at 60°/s for extension movement and 120°/s for flexion movement. Participants were asked to practice the movement three times with submaximal load to become familiar with the movement. Participants were asked to perform movement during the extension phase with maximum effort and relax during the flexion phase. A total of three readings were taken, then the mean of these three readings was taken as the baseline value. Baseline values of ATquad, DTquad, and TPTquad were also recorded.

  • B. Intervention: Two groups were created with an equal number of participants: the eccentric isokinetic training group and the concentric isokinetic training group. The preparation, warm-up, familiarization of participants, and isokinetic device arrangement were similar to the preintervention evaluation.

  1. Eccentric isokinetic training of the hamstring muscle: the hamstring muscle was trained eccentrically similarly as during the preintervention evaluation in the isokinetic dynamometer device at an angular velocity of 60°/s. The eccentric/concentric mode was selected. Participants were asked to resist movement during the eccentric phase with maximum force and relax during the concentric phase.

  2. Concentric isokinetic training of hamstring muscle: hamstring muscle was trained concentrically at speed of 60°/s. Concentric/concentric mode was selected. Participants were asked to put maximal force during the flexion phase and relax during the extension phase.

  • C. Post-intervention evaluation: Post-intervention evaluation was performed 48 h after completion of the training. Following the similar method described in the pre-intervention evaluation, all outcome variables were measured in both groups.

Data analysis

Results

Within group analysis (Wilcoxon signed-rank test)

Eccentric group

Concentric group

Between-group analysis (Mann-Whitney test)

Discussion

Conclusions

Limitations and future research

Supplemental Information

CONSORT checklist.

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13842/supp-3

Additional Information and Declarations

Competing Interests

Kushla Nand Sharma, Unaise Abdul Hameed and Anita Kumari are employed by Sadhya Physiotherapy Clinic, Caring Hands Physiotherapy Ltd. and Dr. Pradeep Sharma’s Pain Management Clinic respectively.

Author Contributions

Kushla Nand Sharma conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, and approved the final draft.

Nishat Quddus conceived and designed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, and approved the final draft.

Unaise Abdul Hameed conceived and designed the experiments, analyzed the data, authored or reviewed drafts of the article, and approved the final draft.

Sohrab Ahmad Khan conceived and designed the experiments, prepared figures and/or tables, and approved the final draft.

Anita Kumari performed the experiments, authored or reviewed drafts of the article, and approved the final draft.

Ahmad H. Alghadir performed the experiments, authored or reviewed drafts of the article, and approved the final draft.

Masood Khan performed the experiments, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the article, and approved the final draft.

Human Ethics

The following information was supplied relating to ethical approvals (i.e., approving body and any reference numbers):

The ethics subcommittee, King Saud University, approved the study (file id: RRC-2021-11).

Data Availability

The following information was supplied regarding data availability:

The baseline and post-intervention measurements of all participants in both groups are available in the Supplemental File.

Clinical Trial Registration

The following information was supplied regarding Clinical Trial registration:

NCT05229367.

Funding

This research is funded by the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP-2021/382), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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