Effects of shinbuto and ninjinto on prostaglandin E2 production in lipopolysaccharide-treated human gingival fibroblasts
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
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Abstract
Previously, we revealed that several kampo medicines that are used for patients with excess and/or medium patterns [kakkonto (TJ-1), shosaikoto (TJ-9), hangeshashinto (TJ-14), and orento (TJ-120)] reduced prostaglandin (PG)E<2 levels using LPS-treated human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Recently, we examined other kampo medicines used for patients with the deficiency pattern [bakumondoto (TJ-29), shinbuto (TJ-30), ninjinto (TJ-32), and hochuekkito (TJ-41)] and the herbs comprising shinbuto and ninjinto using the same experimental model. Shinbuto and ninjinto concentration-dependently reduced LPS-induced PGE2 production by HGFs, whereas hochuekkito weakly reduced and bakumondoto did not reduce PGE2 production. Shinbuto and ninjinto did not alter cyclooxygenase (COX) activity or the expression of molecules involved in the arachidonic acid cascade. Therefore, we next examined which herbs compromising shinbuto and ninjinto reduce LPS-induced PGE2 production. Among these herbs, shokyo (Zingiberis Rhizoma) and kankyo (Zingiberis Processum Rhizoma) strongly and concentration-dependently decreased LPS-induced PGE2 production. However, both shokyo and kankyo increased the expression of cytosolic phospholipase (cPL)A2 but did not affect annexin1 or COX-2 expression. These results suggest that shokyo and kankyo suppress cPLA2 activity. We demonstrated that kampo medicines suppress inflammatory responses in patients with the deficiency pattern, and in those with excess or medium patterns. Moreover, kampo medicines that contain shokyo or kankyo are considered to be effective for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Cite this as
2017. Effects of shinbuto and ninjinto on prostaglandin E2 production in lipopolysaccharide-treated human gingival fibroblasts. PeerJ Preprints 5:e3227v2 https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.3227v2Author comment
We changed in the following points in this revised version.
1. We added the data about the effect of herbs on IL-6 and IL-8 production (Fig. 6).
2. We added the values quantifying the band intensity (Figs 4 and 7).
3. We corrected minor mistakes.
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Competing Interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Author Contributions
Toshiaki Ara conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, wrote the paper, prepared figures and/or tables, reviewed drafts of the paper, lstatistical analysis.
Norio Sogawa conceived and designed the experiments, analyzed the data, reviewed drafts of the paper.
Human Ethics
The following information was supplied relating to ethical approvals (i.e., approving body and any reference numbers):
Ethical Committee of Matsumoto Dental University (No. 0063).
Funding
The study was supported by funding from JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP16H05144, the Nagano Society for the Promotion of Science, and a Scientific Research Special Grant from Matsumoto Dental University. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.