Effect of dietary concentrate to forage ratio on growth performance, rumen fermentation and bacterial diversity of Tibetan sheep under barn feeding on Qinghai-Tibetan plateau
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Author and article information
Abstract
This study aimed to research the effects of different dietary concentrate to forage (C:F) ratio on growth performance, rumen fermentation and bacteria diversity of barn feeding Tibetan sheep. The experiment contains fiver treatments (HS1, HS2 HS3, HS4 and HS5; n=8, respectively) based on dietary C: F ratios 0:100, 15:85, 30:70, 45:55, and 60:40, respectively. The ruminal bacterial community structure was investigated through high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes in V4 hypervariable region. The results showed that increasing dietary concentrate feed level from 0% to 60% exerted a positive effect on DMI, BW gain, gain rate and feed conversation ratio (FCR) in Tibetan sheep. The increases dietary concentrate feed level elevatedNH3-N, propionate and valerate concentrations, whereas, reduced molar ratio of acetate to propionate (A/P ratio) (P<0.05). For rumen bacterial diversity, increases in dietary concentrate content contributed to lower alpha diversity indexes including Shannon wiener, Chao1 and observed species, meanwhile, significantly increased the abundances of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the genus Prevotella_1 (P<0.05). In conclusion, increases dietary concentrate content improved the growth performance and Tibetan sheep fed diets of 45% concentrate obtained a better performance; the inclusion of concentrate in feed changed rumen fermentation from acetate fermentation to propionate fermentation, and improved the energy utilization efficiency of Tibetan sheep; the increased in concentrate content significantly reduced rumen bacteria diversity and changed the abundance of some core bacteria.
Cite this as
2019. Effect of dietary concentrate to forage ratio on growth performance, rumen fermentation and bacterial diversity of Tibetan sheep under barn feeding on Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. PeerJ Preprints 7:e27807v2 https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.27807v2note This preprint is not peer-reviewed. You may wish to reference the subsequent peer-reviewed version of this article.
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This is a peer-review submission to PeerJ. We have changed some unidiomatic description in the abstract, introduction, results and discussion sections.
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Supplemental Information
The raw data of the growth performance of Tibetan sheep
The treatment HS1= concentrate to forage ratio 0:100, HS2= concentrate to forage ratio 15:85, HS3= concentrate to forage ratio 30:70, HS4= concentrate to forage ratio 45:55, HS5=concentrate to forage ratio 60:40. DMI=dry matter intake; DM consume= DMI×t, t is experimental time(d), BW=body weight; ADG= average daily BW gain . FCR= feed conversion ratio.
The supplementary materials of the manuscript
Table S1 The nutrition of concentrate and forage feed in the experiment. Table S2 The statistics of raw rate across the 20 different samples. Table S3 The relative abundance of the total phyla detected by taxonomic analysis (%). Table S4 The relative abundance of total genus detected by taxonomic analysis (%). Table S5 The relative abundance of the 8 most dominant bacteria at the phylum level. Table S6 The effect of increases dietary concentrate on the rumen bacteria at the genus level.
Clean data of Tibetan sheep in group HS1
The 2 sequences in the file are represented 2 samples of Tibetan sheep in group HS1.
Clean data of Tibetansheep in group HS1
The 2 sequences in the file are represented another 2 samples of Tibetan sheep in group HS1.
Clean data of Tibetan sheep in group HS2
The 4 sequences in the file are represented 4 samples of Tibetan sheep in group HS2.
Clean data of Tibetan sheep in groups HS3
The 4 sequences in the file are represented 4 Tibetan sheep in group HS3.
Clean data of Tibetan sheep in groups HS4
The 4 sequences in the file are represented 4 rumen samples of Tibetan sheep in group HS4.
Clean data of Tibetan sheep in groups HS5
The 4 sequences in the file are represented 4 Tibetan sheep in group HS5.
The nutritional composition of the whole diets among different treatments (% DM basis)
a The tratments HS1, HS2, HS3, HS4 and HS5 refer to the C:F ratios of 0:100, 15:85, 30:70, 45:55 and 60:40, respectively. b DM= dry matter; CP= crude protein; EE= ether extract; ADF= acid detergent fibre; NDF= neutral detergent fibre. c Manufactured by Menyuan Yongxing Ecological Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. Contained corn (48%), wheat (30%), soybean meal (7%), colza cake (6%)cottonseed meal (5%), , salt (1%), pre-mix (1%),CaHPO4 (1%) and CaCO 3 (1%).
The effects of different dietary C: F ratios on the growth performance of Tibetan sheep
a The treatments HS1, HS2, HS3, HS4 and HS5 refer to concentrate-to-forage ratios of 0:100,15:85, 30:70, 45:55 and 60:40. DMI=dry matter intake; DM consume= DMI×t, t is experimental time(d), BW=body weight; ADG= average daily BW gain . FCR= feed conversion ratio. Values in the same row with different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05).
The effects of different dietary C: F ratios on the rumen fermentation parameters of Tibetan sheep
a The Treatments HS1, HS2, HS3, HS4 and HS5 refer to concentrate to forage ratios of 0:100, 15:85, 30:70, 45:55 and 60:40, respectively. b Values in the same row with different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05).
Additional Information
Competing Interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Author Contributions
Hongjin Liu conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper.
Tianwei xu conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.
Shixiao Xu conceived and designed the experiments, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.
Li Ma approved the final draft, dr Li Ma helped to collect the samples and review the manuscript.
Xueping Han approved the final draft, dr Li Ma helped to review the manuscript.
Xungang Wang approved the final draft.
Xiaoling Zhang approved the final draft.
Linyong Hu approved the final draft, dr Linyong Hu helped to collect the samples and review the manuscript.
Na Zhao approved the final draft, dr Na Zhao helped to collect the samples and review the manuscript.
Yongwei Chen approved the final draft, mr Yongwei Chen helped to collect the samples.
Li Pi contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, approved the final draft.
Xinquan Zhao approved the final draft.
Animal Ethics
The following information was supplied relating to ethical approvals (i.e., approving body and any reference numbers):
All animal care procedures were consistent with the provision of the Institution of Animal Care and the Ethics Committee of the Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NWIPB20160302).
Data Deposition
The following information was supplied regarding data availability:
The sequencing data for the 16S rRNA genes are publicly available in the NCBI (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) Short Read Archive under accession NO. PRJNA477411
Funding
This work was supported by National Key R&D Plan (NO. 2016YFC0501905, NO. 2016YFC0501805), “Strategic Priority Research Program” of CAS, “Key Technology Support Program” of Qinghai province (No. 2018-S-2, 2015-SF-A4-2, 2016-NK-148, 2017-SF-A6, 2017-NK-153) and Qinghai innovation platform construction project (No. 2017-ZJ-Y20) and NSFC (No. 31402120). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
