Evolutionary response to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau uplift: Phylogeny and biogeography of Ammopiptanthus and tribe Thermopsideae (Fabaceae)
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Abstract
Based on sequence data from the nuclear ITS and four cpDNA regions (matK, trnH-psbA, trnL-trnF, rbcL), phylogeny of the tribe Thermopsideae was inferred. Our analyses supported this tribe being merged into a monophyletic Sophoreae in a broad sense, with exclusion of Pickeringia. Genera of Sophoreae were separated into the Thermopsoid clade and Sophoroid clade. Monophyly of Anagyris, Baptisia and Piptanthus were basically supported in the Thermopsoid clade. Ammopiptanthus, consisting of A. mongolicus and A. nanus, nested within the Sophoroid clade, with Salweenia as its sister. Ammopiptanthus and Salweenia disjunctively distributed in desert of Northwestern China and Hengduan Mountains, respectively. Divergence age was estimated based on the ITS phylogenetic analysis. Emergence of the common ancestor of Ammopiptanthus and Salweenia, divergence between these two genera, and split of Ammopiptanthus species occurred at approximately 26.96 Ma, 4.74 Ma and 2.04 Ma, respectively, which may be response to the second, third, fourth rapid uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, respectively.
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2017. Evolutionary response to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau uplift: Phylogeny and biogeography of Ammopiptanthus and tribe Thermopsideae (Fabaceae) PeerJ Preprints 5:e2757v1 https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.2757v1note This preprint is not peer-reviewed. You may wish to reference the subsequent peer-reviewed version of this article.
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This is a submission to PeerJ for review.
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Supplemental Information
DNA sequence alignments used in this study
The nuclear ITS and combined plastid datasets are given in fasta format.
Additional Information
Competing Interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Author Contributions
Wei Shi conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, wrote the paper, prepared figures and/or tables, reviewed drafts of the paper.
Pei-Liang Liu conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, wrote the paper, prepared figures and/or tables, reviewed drafts of the paper.
Lei Duan performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, wrote the paper, prepared figures and/or tables, reviewed drafts of the paper.
Bo-Rong Pan he is the project leader.
Zhi-Hao Su performed the experiments.
Data Deposition
The following information was supplied regarding data availability:
The raw data has been supplied as a supplementary file.
Funding
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41271070) and the grants from the Special Service Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (no. TSS-2015-014-FW-4-1). We thank Dr. Sun Ming-Zhou for kindly providing samples. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
