An elucidation of the links between hormones, DNA methylation, the microbiome, and disease to restore homeostasis to each component through the genomic engineering of CRISPR microbes
- Published
- Accepted
- Subject Areas
- Microbiology, Molecular Biology, Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Synthetic Biology
- Keywords
- Microbiome, CRISPR Microbes, DNA Methylation, Epigenetics, Microflora, Cancer, Promoter Sites, CpG Islands, Homeostasis, Cas9 Nuclease
- Copyright
- © 2019 Hillman
- Licence
- This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ Preprints) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
- Cite this article
- 2019. An elucidation of the links between hormones, DNA methylation, the microbiome, and disease to restore homeostasis to each component through the genomic engineering of CRISPR microbes. PeerJ Preprints 7:e27509v1 https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.27509v1
Abstract
We speculate that there are connections between hormonal changes, the frequency of DNA methylation, and disease. The microbiome may also affect the production of those hormones. Short Chain Fatty Acids as butyrate, propionate, folate, and acetate act as ligands that bind to G-coupled protein receptors. The SCFAs are produced after intestinal microflora ferment glucose from insoluble fiber. When SCFAs bind to G-proteins, a downward cascade is activated, releasing hormones as leptin and PYY, which each control appetite and prevent the formation of type 2 diabetes. When the SCFAs bind G-proteins, a methyl group can be added to a specific and target site of a DNA sequence. For example, folate from Bifidobacterium donates a methyl for synthesizing S-adenosylmethionine or SAM, which then donates a methyl to the enzymes of DNA methylation, acting as a substrate. We presented less arduous ways to measure DNA methylation through a methyl kit, which recording the different levels of DNA methylation can help identify and distinguish between cancer versus non-cancer samples of blood. We reviewed the effects of hormones on DNA methylation. If the microbiome regulates both hormones and DNA methylation, then perhaps through the microbiome diseases can be more readily identified, diagnosed, modeled, and treated. Our purpose for this review, was to find the links between each of the three factors, hormones, DNA methylation, and bacteria, in order to find possible ways to genetically manipulate each into equilibrium to maybe provide alternative diagnosis protocols and treatments for disease.
Author Comment
This is a submission to PeerJ for review.
Supplemental Information
An elucidation of the links between hormones, DNA methylation, the microbiome, and disease to restore homeostasis to each component through the Genomic Engineering of CRISPR microbes
We reviewed the effects of hormones on DNA methylation. If the microbiome regulates both hormones and DNA methylation, then perhaps through the microbiome diseases can be more readily identified, diagnosed, modeled, and treated. Our purpose for this review, was to find the links between each of the three factors, hormones, DNA methylation, and bacteria, in order to find possible ways to genetically manipulate each into equilibrium to maybe provide alternative diagnosis protocols and treatments for disease.
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