Effect of Reactive black 5 azo dye on soil processes related to C and N cycling
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Abstract
Azo dyes are one of the largest classes of synthetic dyes being used in textile industries. It has been reported that 15-50 % of these dyes find their way into wastewater that is often used for irrigation purpose in developing countries. Although the effect of azo dye contamination on soil nitrogen (N) cycling processes has been studied but there is no such study on soil carbon cycling. Therefore, we assessed the effect of azo dye contamination (Reactive Black 5, 30 mg kg-1 dry soil), bacteria that decolorize this dye and dye + bacteria in the presence or absence of maize leaf litter on soil respiration, soil inorganic nitrogen and microbial biomass. We found that dye contamination did not induce any change in soil respiration, soil microbial biomass or soil inorganic nitrogen availability (P> 0.05). Litter evidently increased soil respiration. Our study concludes that the Reactive Black 5 azo dye (applied at low level i.e. 30 mg kg-1 dry soil) contamination did not modify organic matter decomposition, N mineralization and microbial biomass in silty loam soil.
Cite this as
2018. Effect of Reactive black 5 azo dye on soil processes related to C and N cycling. PeerJ Preprints 6:e26557v1 https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.26557v1note This preprint is not peer-reviewed. You may wish to reference the subsequent peer-reviewed version of this article.
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Competing Interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Author Contributions
Khadeeja Rehman conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.
Tanvir Shahzad conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft, revised the manuscript. Co-ordinated the whole experiment and manuscript write up..
Amna Sahar performed the experiments, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.
Sabir Hussain conceived and designed the experiments, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.
Faisal Mahmood analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.
Muhammad H Siddique analyzed the data, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.
Muhammad A Siddique conceived and designed the experiments, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.
Muhammad I Rashid analyzed the data, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.
Data Deposition
The following information was supplied regarding data availability:
The data are provided as Supplemental Files.
Funding
This work was funded by Higher Education Commission of Pakistan through grant no. PD-IPFP/HRD/HEC/2013/1986. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
