High-throughput sequencing identifies distinct fecal and mucosal gut microbiota correlating with different mucosal proteins
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Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is associated with human health. The luminal microbiota (LM) and mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM) are distinct ecosystems with different metabolic and immunological functions. Several studies have examined the correlations between the gut microbiota and clinical indices, but few have investigated the relationships between the microbiota and mucosal proteins. We characterized the intestinal LM and MAM in Chinese people and examined the association between these communities and the expression of mucosal proteins. Fresh fecal samples and distal colonic mucosal biopsies were collected from 32 subjects before (fecal) and during (mucosal) flexible sigmoidoscopy. We used high-throughput sequencing targeting the 16SrRNA gene V3–V4 region to analyze the samples and reverse transcription(RT)–PCR to detect the expression of colonic proteins BDNF, ZO1, TLR2, TLR4, AQP3, and AQP8. Differences in the stool and mucosal microbiota were identified and a correlation network analysis performed. The LM and MAM populations differed significantly. In LM, the microbiota composition correlated significantly positively with host age, and Firmicutes (phylum) correlated positively with body mass index (BMI), but inversely with ZO1.At the genus level, systemic indices, such as age, BMI, and BDNF, correlated predominantly with LM, whereas systemic and local indices, such as TLR2, correlated with both MAM and LM. ZO1 and TLR4 which usually exert a local effect, mainly correlated with MAM. Different bacteria were associated with the expression of different proteins. Our data suggest that The microbial compositions of LM and MAM differed. Different gut bacteria may play different roles by regulating the expression of different proteins.
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2016. High-throughput sequencing identifies distinct fecal and mucosal gut microbiota correlating with different mucosal proteins. PeerJ Preprints 4:e2526v1 https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.2526v1Author comment
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Supplemental Information
data of the analysis result of genus level
show all data of the comparison result between fecal and mucosal on genus level
data of the analysis result of phylum level
show all data of the comparison result between fecal and mucosal on phylum level
mucosal proteins
the expression of mucosal proteins
Additional Information
Competing Interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Author Contributions
Li-na Dong conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, wrote the paper, prepared figures and/or tables, reviewed drafts of the paper.
Jun-ping Wang conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, wrote the paper, prepared figures and/or tables, reviewed drafts of the paper.
Ping Liu conceived and designed the experiments, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, reviewed drafts of the paper.
Yun-feng Yang conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, reviewed drafts of the paper.
Jing Feng contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, reviewed drafts of the paper.
Yi Han contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, reviewed drafts of the paper.
Human Ethics
The following information was supplied relating to ethical approvals (i.e., approving body and any reference numbers):
The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanxi People's Hospital.Ethical Application Ref: 201305.
Data Deposition
The following information was supplied regarding data availability:
The raw data has been supplied as a supplementary file.
Funding
This work was supported by the International Science and Technology Cooperation Project of Shanxi (No.2013081066), and the Science Foundation of Health and family planning commission of Shanxi Province(No.201201059). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.