Cropping system diversification for food production in Mindanao rubber plantations: A rice cultivar mixture and rice intercropped with mungbean
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Abstract
Including food production in non-food systems, such as rubber plantations and biofuel or bioenergy crops, may contribute to household food security. We evaluated the potential for use of rice, mungbean, rice cultivar mixtures, and rice intercropped with mungbean in experiments planted in young rubber plantations in the Arakan Valley of Mindanao. Rice mixtures consisted of two- or three-row strips of cultivar Dinorado, a cultivar with higher value but lower yield, and high-yielding cultivar UPL Ri-5. Rice and mungbean intercropping treatments consisted of different combinations of two- or three-row strips of rice and mungbean. We used generalized linear mixed models to evaluate the yield of each crop alone and in the mixture or intercropping treatments, as well as a land equivalent ratio for yield, and weed biomass, the severity of panicle blast, brown spot, and brown leaf spot, and rice bug abundance. We also analyzed the yield ranking of each cropping system across site-year combinations to determine mean relative performance and yield stability. When weighted by their relative economic value, UPL Ri-5 had the highest mean performance, but with decreasing performance in low-yielding environments. A rice and mungbean intercropping system had the second highest performance, tied with high-value Dinorado but without decreasing performance in low-yielding environments. Rice and mungbean intercropped with rubber have been adapted by farmers in the Arakan Valley.
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2016. Cropping system diversification for food production in Mindanao rubber plantations: A rice cultivar mixture and rice intercropped with mungbean. PeerJ Preprints 4:e2505v1 https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.2505v1note This preprint is not peer-reviewed. You may wish to reference the subsequent peer-reviewed version of this article.
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This is a submission to PeerJ for review.
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Competing Interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Author Contributions
Rosa Fe Hondrade conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, wrote the paper, reviewed drafts of the paper.
Edwin Hondrade conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments.
Lianqing Zheng analyzed the data, wrote the paper, prepared figures and/or tables, reviewed drafts of the paper.
Francisco Elazegui performed the experiments, analyzed the data, wrote the paper, reviewed drafts of the paper.
JLE Duque performed the experiments.
Christopher C Mundt conceived and designed the experiments, wrote the paper, reviewed drafts of the paper.
Casiana M Vera Cruz conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, wrote the paper, reviewed drafts of the paper.
Karen A Garrett conceived and designed the experiments, analyzed the data, wrote the paper, reviewed drafts of the paper.
Data Deposition
The following information was supplied regarding data availability:
The raw data has been supplied as a supplementary file
Funding
This work was supported by the US Agency for International Development through a grant to the IPM CRSP at Virginia Tech (Award No. EPP-A-00-04-00016-00), as part of a project funded for Southeast Asia to M. Hammig, M. Shepard, and G. Carner of Clemson, by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station (Contribution No. 15-332-J), and by the University of Florida. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
