Redescription of the advertisement call of Brachycephalus tridactylus (Anura: Brachycephalidae)
Author and article information
Abstract
Background. Brachycephalus includes miniaturized frogs with restricted geographical distributions throughout the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Ecological data for most species are still scarce. For instance, advertisement calls have only been described for 12 of the 36 known species, including B. tridactylus, a recently described species from southern Brazil. Posteriorly, features of the advertisement call of B. tridactylus were compared with congeners and the unique characteristics of its call were highlighted. To confirm these potentially divergent characteristics, we reanalysed an original recording of B. tridactylus and analysed our own recordings and verified that the original description of its advertisement call is inaccurate. Thus, we redescribe its advertisement calls.
Methods. We asked the descriptors of B. tridactylus the original recordings that they made and requested access to the only original recording deposited in a collection of sounds. We received from André Lima a copy of one recording, the same as the one that had deposited, and obtained permission to re-analyze it. We studied this recording and compared it with our own recordings, made at the type locality of the species on March, 2016. Sound samples were analysed with Raven Pro 1.5.0 and call analyses were made under a note-centered approach.
Results. The original recording was amplified somehow by at least 6 dB and was also clearly low-pass filtered with a cutoff frequency of 10 kHz. Our analyses did not allow us to recognize several of the acoustic parameters normally described in Brachycephalus. The sound we heard from the notes overlapped with other signals (noise?), which prevented us from clearly determining the end of the note and other important features, such as the presence of pulses. According to our recordings (n = 15 individuals), B. tridactylus emitted a relatively long advertisement call (50.8 s, on average), composed by 10–13 notes emitted in a note rate of 3.7–8.3 notes per minute. Only isolated notes were present. The notes were composed by 1–3 pulses and the note duration varied from 0.002–0.021 s.
Discussion. The original description of the call of B. tridactylus is incorrect because it included background noise and amplification artefacts as part of the call parameters. However, we recognize that the original recording and our recordings have captured the same type of call. In our measurements of the species calls, note duration was nearly an order of magnitude shorter as the original description. The existence of notes with 1–3 pulses was not acknowledged in the original description. With few pulses per notes, the advertisement call of B. tridactylus is distinct from the notes with several pulses of B. ephippium, B. pitanga, B. crispus, B. sulfuratus, and B. darkside. The advertisement calls of B. tridactylus is also distinct from that of B. albolineatus and B. mirissimus by having only isolates notes, instead of isolated notes and note groups.
Cite this as
2018. Redescription of the advertisement call of Brachycephalus tridactylus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) PeerJ Preprints 6:e27243v1 https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.27243v1Author comment
This is a submission to PeerJ for review.
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Supplemental Information
035_Brachycephalus_tridactylus_individual_01_collected_MHNCI_10294_by_MR_Bornschein
035_Brachycephalus_tridactylus_individual_01_collected_MHNCI_10294_by_MR_Bornschein
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051_Brachycephalus_tridactylus_individual_15_not_collected_by_LF_Ribeiro_10_III_16
Additional Information
Competing Interests
Marcio R. Pie is an Academic Editor for PeerJ.
Author Contributions
Marcos R. Bornschein conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.
Mario M. Rollo Jr. analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables.
Marcio R. Pie contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools.
André E. Confetti analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools.
Luiz F. Ribeiro conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools.
Field Study Permissions
The following information was supplied relating to field study approvals (i.e., approving body and any reference numbers):
Collection permits for this study were issued by ICMBIO - SISBIO (no. 20416–2).
Data Deposition
The following information was supplied regarding data availability:
Our raw data consists in recordings of the advertisement call of Brachycephalus tridactylus.
Funding
MRP was supported through a grant from CNPq/MCT (301636/2016–8). Fieldwork was funded by Fundação Grupo Boticário de Proteção à Natureza, through a project (A0010_2014) conducted by Mater Natura - Instituto de Estudos Ambientais. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
