The effects of sound on the survivorship and embryonic development of a marine gastropod Stylocheilus striatus, (aplysiidae)
- Published
- Accepted
- Subject Areas
- Conservation Biology, Developmental Biology, Ecology, Marine Biology
- Keywords
- Sound, Embryonic Development, Survivorship, Marine Gastropod, Stylocheilus striatus, Conservation, Anthropogenic Noise, Mo'orea, Coral Reef Algal Grazer, Morphological Differences
- Copyright
- © 2016 Spankowski
- Licence
- This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ Preprints) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
- Cite this article
- 2016. The effects of sound on the survivorship and embryonic development of a marine gastropod Stylocheilus striatus, (aplysiidae) PeerJ Preprints 4:e2651v1 https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.2651v1
Abstract
How anthropogenic noise pollution affects marine organisms is drawing increasing international concern. There is evidence for anthropogenic noise having negative and harmful effects on the health, development and behavior of many terrestrial species; however, there are few examples of how specific frequencies of sound affect the survivorship and embryonic development of marine invertebrates. This experiment examines the effects of specific frequencies of sound on the survivorship and embryonic development of a marine gastropod, Stylocheilus striatus on the island of Mo’orea, French Polynesia. It was found that high frequency sound treatments caused a delay in the embryonic development of S. striatus embryos by 3 days while decreasing veliger survivorship by 37%. Additionally, high frequency treatments were shown to cause an observed morphological difference in shell morphology as compared to control and low frequency treatment groups. This study can be used to aid in the management and planning of future conservation polices regarding sound pollution and marine invertebrate gastropods as their presence is crucial for reef health and community structure.
Author Comment
This is a submission to PeerJ for review.
Supplemental Information
Rstudio script
This is the Rstudio script containing the code I used for my stats.