Developmental toxicity from exposure to various forms of mercury compounds in medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) embryos
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
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Abstract
This study examined developmental toxicity of different mercury compounds, including some used in traditional medicines. Medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos were exposed to 0.001-10 μM concentrations of MeHg, HgCl2, α-HgS (Zhu Sha), and β-HgS (Zuotai) from stage 10 (6-7 hpf) to 10 days post fertilization (dpf). Of the forms of mercury in this study, the organic form (MeHg) proved the most toxic followed by inorganic mercury (HgCl2), both producing embryo developmental toxicity. Altered phenotypes included pericardial edema with elongated or tube heart, reduction of eye pigmentation, and failure of swim bladder inflation. Both α-HgS and β-HgS were less toxic than MeHg and HgCl2. Total RNA was extracted from survivors 3 days after exposure to MeHg (0.1 μM), HgCl2 (1 μM), α-HgS (10 μM), or β-HgS (10 μM) to examine toxicity-related gene expression. MeHg and HgCl2 markedly induced metallothionein (MT) and heme oxygenase-1 (Ho-1), while α-HgS and β-HgS failed to induce either gene. Chemical forms of mercury compounds proved to be a major determinant in their developmental toxicity.
Cite this as
2016. Developmental toxicity from exposure to various forms of mercury compounds in medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) embryos. PeerJ Preprints 4:e2329v1 https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.2329v1Author comment
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Supplemental Information
Supplemental Table 1: Public health guidelines for mercury in drinking water and fish: Creating context and justification for this study
Supplemental Table 2: Mean survival and mortality (±SD) for each concentration of the mercury compounds tested
Additional Information
Competing Interests
Jie Liu is an Academic Editor for PeerJ.
Author Contributions
Wu Dong conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, wrote the paper, prepared figures and/or tables, reviewed drafts of the paper.
Jie Liu conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, wrote the paper, prepared figures and/or tables, reviewed drafts of the paper.
Lixin Wei conceived and designed the experiments, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, reviewed drafts of the paper.
Yang Jingfeng analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, reviewed drafts of the paper.
Melissa Chernick wrote the paper, prepared figures and/or tables, reviewed drafts of the paper.
David E. Hinton contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, wrote the paper, prepared figures and/or tables, reviewed drafts of the paper.
Animal Ethics
The following information was supplied relating to ethical approvals (i.e., approving body and any reference numbers):
Medaka (Oryzias latipes) were maintained at the Duke University Aquatic Research Facility under standard recirculating water conditions following approved animal care and maintenance protocols. Duke University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, No. A062-15-02 for breeding and No. A031-15-01 for toxicity testing protocol.
Data Deposition
The following information was supplied regarding data availability:
Data base: Figshare.
URLs:
https://figshare.com/s/23641deb4c3e10e09259
https://figshare.com/s/3ef822119d859083275d
https://figshare.com/s/7ae5a4e6a4cbfec828a6
https://figshare.com/s/469c738bbda93b93873b
https://figshare.com/s/60fad618f8beb67696b9
https://figshare.com/s/ba2608b17e612ca244b7
Funding
This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21267015, 81360508, 21567019 ); Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China (2015MS0804), project of scientific and technical innovation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (2015-2016) and Research Program of science and technology at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (NJZY11202). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.