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Incorporation of an invasive plant into a native insect herbivore food web

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1 Endless Forms group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
2 Institute for Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
3 Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
4 Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
5 ServiceXS, Leiden, The Netherlands
6 University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
7 Biodiversity Discovery group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
8 IBED, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
9 Natural Products Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
DOI
10.7287/peerj.preprints.1899v1
Published
Accepted
Subject Areas
Ecology, Entomology, Environmental Sciences, Evolutionary Studies, Plant Science
Keywords
adaptation, Exotic plants, insect herbivores, Prunus serotina, secondary metabolites
Copyright
© 2016 Schilthuizen et al.
Licence
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ Preprints) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
Cite this article
Schilthuizen M, Santos Pimenta LP, Lammers Y, Steenbergen PJ, Flohil M, Beveridge NGP, van Duijn PT, Meulblok MM, Sosef N, van de Ven R, Werring R, Beentjes KK, Meijer K, Vos RA, Vrieling K, Gravendeel B, Choi Y, Verpoorte R, Smit C, Beukeboom LW. 2016. Incorporation of an invasive plant into a native insect herbivore food web. PeerJ Preprints 4:e1899v1

Abstract

The integration of invasive species into native food webs represent multifarious dynamics of ecological and evolutionary processes. We document incorporation of Prunus serotina (black cherry) into native insect food webs. We find that P. serotina harbours a herbivore community less dense but more diverse than its native relative, P. padus (bird cherry), with similar proportions of specialists and generalists. While herbivory on P. padus remained stable over the past century, that on P. serotina gradually doubled. We show that P. serotina may have evolved changes in investment in cyanogenic glycosides compared with its native range. In the leaf beetle Gonioctena quinquepunctata, recently shifted from native Sorbus aucuparia to P. serotina, we find divergent host preferences on Sorbus- versus Prunus-derived populations, and weak host-specific differentiation among 380 individuals genotyped for 119 SNP loci. We conclude that evolutionary processes may generate a specialized herbivore community on an invasive plant, allowing prognoses of reduced invasiveness over time. On the basis of the results presented here, we would like to caution that manual control might have the adverse effect of a slowing down of processes of adaptation, and a delay in the decline of the invasive character of P. serotina.

Author Comment

This is a submission to PeerJ for review.

Supplemental Information

SI Text S1

Structure analysis and AMOVA on SNP data for Gonioctena quinquepunctata.

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.1899v1/supp-1

SI Text S2

Calculations of conversion of cyanogenic glycoside contents for dry and fresh weight leaves.

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.1899v1/supp-2

Table S1

Full data on identities and numbers of herbivores collected on each individual Prunus serotina and Prunus padus in National Park Zuid-Kennemerland.

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.1899v1/supp-3

Table S2

Information on insect herbivore damage in historical collection specimens from the National Herbarium, Leiden, for Prunus serotina and Prunus padus.

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.1899v1/supp-4

Table S3

Full data on NMR analysis of Prunus leaves.

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.1899v1/supp-5

Table S4

SNP genotype data on Gonioctena quinquepunctata.

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.1899v1/supp-6

Table S5

Oligonucleotides used for the SNP-analysis of Gonioctena quinquepunctata.

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.1899v1/supp-7

Table S6

SNP Loci that showed indications of genetic differentiation between both host plants in the leaf beetle Gonioctena quinquepunctata.

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.1899v1/supp-8

Table S7

ANOVA and GLM results for the Gonioctena quinquepunctata host preference tests.

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.1899v1/supp-9

Table S8

Explanatory variables and response variables for the test of parasitzation of caterpillars on P. serotina and P. padus.

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.1899v1/supp-10

Additional Information

Competing Interests

Marco Flohil is an employee of ServiceXS, a company providing DNA services such as reported in this paper.

Author Contributions

Menno Schilthuizen conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, wrote the paper, prepared figures and/or tables.

Lúcia P Santos Pimenta performed the experiments, analyzed the data.

Youri Lammers performed the experiments, analyzed the data.

Peter J Steenbergen performed the experiments.

Marco Flohil performed the experiments.

Nils G.P. Beveridge performed the experiments.

Pieter T van Duijn performed the experiments.

Marjolein M Meulblok performed the experiments.

Nils Sosef performed the experiments.

Robin van de Ven performed the experiments.

Ralf Werring performed the experiments.

Kevin K Beentjes performed the experiments.

Kim Meijer conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables.

Rutger A Vos conceived and designed the experiments, analyzed the data.

Klaas Vrieling analyzed the data.

Barbara Gravendeel conceived and designed the experiments.

Young Choi conceived and designed the experiments.

Robert Verpoorte conceived and designed the experiments.

Chris Smit conceived and designed the experiments.

Leo W Beukeboom conceived and designed the experiments.

Field Study Permissions

The following information was supplied relating to field study approvals (i.e., approving body and any reference numbers):

Natuurmonumenten (Ruud Luntz) permitted us to work in Nationaal Park Zuid-Kennemerland under permit No. 19 of 2008. Dunea (Harrie van der Hagen) permitted us to work in Meijendel by permission 25/2/2013.

DNA Deposition

The following information was supplied regarding the deposition of DNA sequences:

The data were deposited in the NCBI short read archive under BioProject accession code: PRJNA277307.

Data Deposition

The following information was supplied regarding data availability:

Supporting Information (uploaded separately)

Table S1. Full data on identities and numbers of herbivores collected on each individual Prunus serotina and Prunus padus in National Park Zuid-Kennemerland.

Table S2. Information on insect herbivore damage in historical collection specimens from the National Herbarium, Leiden, for Prunus serotina and Prunus padus.

Table S3. Full data on NMR analysis of Prunus leaves.

Table S4. SNP genotype data on Gonioctena quinquepunctata.

Table S5. Oligonucleotides used for the SNP-analysis of Gonioctena quinquepunctata.

Table S6. SNP Loci that showed indications of genetic differentiation between both host plants in the leaf beetle Gonioctena quinquepunctata.

Table S7. ANOVA and GLM results for the Gonioctena quinquepunctata host preference tests.

Table S8. Explanatory variables and response variables for the test of parasitzation of caterpillars on P. serotina and P. padus.

SI Text S1. Structure analysis and AMOVA on SNP data for Gonioctena quinquepunctata.

SI Text S2. Calculations of conversion of cyanogenic glycoside contents for dry and fresh weight leaves.

Funding

This study was financially supported by grants from the Uyttenboogaart-Eliasen Foundation and the Team for Invasive Exotics of the former Netherlands Ministry for Agriculture, Nature, and Food Quality. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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Incorporation of an invasive plant into a native insect herbivore food web
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