Resin and osteoblastic adhesion on zirconia and titanium implant materials blasted with various grits

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the resin and initial osteoblastic adhesion of zirconia and titanium implant surfaces grit-blasted with four different sands, namely silica-coated alumina, alumina, silicon carbide and boron carbide. Materials and methods: Titanium and sintered zirconia were polished and grit-blasted with one of the following grits: silica-coated alumina, alumina, silicon carbide and boron carbide. Two study groups were prepared. For the first group, a silane coupling agent and a resin was applied on grit-blasted sample surfaces (n=8), and adhesive strengths of the dental resins to these specimens were evaluated under shear mode in three storage conditions: dry, 24h water aging and thermo-cycled for 6000 cycles. The results were analyzed by using two-way ANOVA test with 0.05 significance level. For the second group, the specimens were immersed in a cell line medium (MC3T3-E1) and the attachment was observed under a confocal microscope after 24 hours. The attached cells were fixed and viewed under an SEM to observe the cell morphology. Results: Surface topography and chemical composition of zirconia and titanium were changed after grit-blasting with four different grits. The specimens grit-blasted with silica-coated alumina or alumina exhibited a significantly higher mean resin adhesive strengths (p<0.05) than other two grits. In addition, SEM and confocal microscopy confirmed the specimens grit-blasted with alumina powder showed the maximum osteoblastic attachment, and revealed the cell morphology. Conclusion: With the limitation of the laboratory study, alumina deemed to be the best grit-blasting material to achieve satisfactory osteoblastic cell and resin adhesions for both titanium and zirconia implant materials .