Nest-site selection and breeding success of passerines in the world’s southernmost forests

View article
Ecology

Main article text

 

Introduction

Materials & Methods

Study site

Nest searching and monitoring

Nest site characteristics

Statistical analyses

Nest-site selection

Nest survival

Results

Nest-site selection

Nest survival

Discussion

(a) Nest-site selection

(b) Nest survival

Overall nest survival

Nest predators

Habitat and temporal effects on nest survival: support for nest placement hypotheses

Camera effect on nest survival

Conclusions

Supplemental Information

Habitat characteristics variability

Mean value ± 2 standard error (SE) of habitat characteristics measured in nest plots of five forest-nesting bird species on Navarino Island, Chile, 2014–2017.

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9892/supp-1

Goodness of fit of final models

Goodness of fit of final models of nest-site selection and daily survival rate, for five forest dwelling passerines on Navarino Island, Chile, 2014–2017. We assessed this with χ2 tests, accepting the model if p > 0.05.

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9892/supp-2

Nest-site selection candidate models

Candidate models describing nest-site selection of five forest dwelling passerines on Navarino Island, Chile, 2014–2017. The habitat variables we tested included canopy cover, canopy height, understory cover, and understory height. Models are ranked by AICc, with the best supported model given in bold (i.e., the model with lowest AICc).

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9892/supp-3

Best daily nest survival rate (DSR) models

Best supported models explaining variability in mean nest daily survival rate (DSR) for each of the five forest-nesting bird species on Navarino Island, Chile, 2014–2017. We report estimate (B) and their 95% confidence interval.

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9892/supp-4

Daily nest survival rate (DSR) candidate models

Candidate models describing daily nest survival rate (DSR) of five forest dwelling passerines on Navarino Island, Chile, 2014-2017. In the first stage of model selection, we evaluated temporal parameters. On the second stage, we added habitat parameters to the best-supported model from stage one. On the first stage we tested for nest stage (egg [laying and incubation] vs nestling), day of year (date, linear and quadratic effects), and nest age (linear and quadratic effects). On the second stage, the parameters we tested for included nest coverage (concealment, computed as the mean side [measured at the four cardinal directions] and overhead cover), canopy cover, canopy height, understory cover, understory height, nest height, and ground predator accessibility index (predator index, ranging from 0–2, indicating increasing nest accessibility for a potential ground predator). Models are ranked by AICc, with the best supported model given in bold (i.e., the model with lowest AICc). For each stage of model selection, we present the first 10 candidate models only.

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9892/supp-5

Raw data for DSR analysis

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9892/supp-6

Raw data for nest-site selection analysis

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9892/supp-7

Additional Information and Declarations

Competing Interests

The authors declare there are no competing interests.

Author Contributions

Rocío Fernanda Jara conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft.

Ramiro Daniel Crego conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft.

Michael David Samuel analyzed the data, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft.

Ricardo Rozzi and Jaime Enrique Jiménez conceived and designed the experiments, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft.

Data Availability

The following information was supplied regarding data availability:

The raw data are available in the Supplemental Files.

Funding

Funding was provided by the Chilean National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT) in the form of graduate scholarship for Rocio F. Jara, the University of North Texas, Partners of the Americas fellowship, and the Agencia Nacional de Investigación de Chile (ANID, Basal Funding AFB170008) to the Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB-Chile). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

20 Citations 3,112 Views 559 Downloads