Spatial variability of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus survival rates and mortality hazard in Saudi Arabia, 2012–2019

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Bioinformatics and Genomics

Main article text

 

Introduction

Materials and Methods

MERS-CoV data

Statistical analysis

Survival analysis and hazard modeling

Spatial analysis

Results

Characteristics of MERS-CoV patients

Spatial pattern of MERS-CoV survival

Survival analysis of MERS-CoV

Risk assessment of MERS-CoV mortality

Discussion

Conclusions

Supplemental Information

Appendex Figure 1.

Spatial distribution of MERS-CoV mortality in Saudi provinces between 2012 and 2019 by (A) non-healthcare worker, (B) with comorbidity, (C) without comorbidity, (D) exposed to camels, (E) not exposed to camels, (F) multivariate spatial clusters for MERS-CoV mortality, (G) MERS-CoV 14-day mortality, and (H) MERS-CoV 45-day mortality.

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9783/supp-2

Appendix Figure 2.

Spatial distribution of hazard ratios for MERS-CoV mortality risk factors based on multivariate analysis for each region between 2012 and 2019 for 14-day mortality by (A) age 41–60, (B) age ≥ 61, (C) non-healthcare worker, and (D) comorbidity. For 45-day mortality by (E) age 41–60, (F) age ≥ 61, (G) non-healthcare worker, and (H) comorbidity.

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9783/supp-3

Appendix Table 1.

Risk factors and estimated hazard ratios for 14- and 45-day mortality for MERS-CoV patients at the national level and each of the regions between 2012 and 2019 from univariate Cox proportional-hazards (CPH) modeling.

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9783/supp-4

Appendix Table 2.

Risk factors and estimated hazard ratios of 14- and 45-day mortality for MERS-CoV patients for each of the provinces between 2012 and 2019 from univariate Cox proportional-hazards (CPH) modeling.

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9783/supp-5

Appendix Table 3.

Estimated hazard ratios for regions as covariates for 14- and 45-day mortality for MERS-CoV patients between 2012 and 2019 from univariate Cox proportional-hazards (CPH) modeling.

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9783/supp-6

Appendix Table 4.

Estimated hazard ratios for provinces as covariates for 14- and 45-day mortality for MERS-CoV patients between 2012 and 2019 from univariate Cox proportional-hazards (CPH) modeling

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9783/supp-7

Additional Information and Declarations

Competing Interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Author Contributions

Khalid Hussain Al-Ahmadi conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft.

Mohammed Hussain Alahmadi conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft.

Ali Saeed Al-Zahrani conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft.

Maged Gomaa Hemida conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft.

Data Availability

The following information was supplied regarding data availability:

The raw data is available as a Supplemental File.

Funding

The authors received no funding for this work.

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