Population structure in the Andaman keelback, Xenochrophis tytleri: geographical distance and oceanic barriers to dispersal influence genetic divergence on the Andaman archipelago

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Ecology

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Introduction

Materials and Methods

Study area and sampling

Mitochondrial gene sequencing

Data analysis

Genetic diversity and differentiation

Drivers of diversification

Spatial genetic analysis

Results

Genetic diversity and differentiation

Drivers of diversification

Spatial genetic analysis

Discussion

Genetic diversity and differentiation

Drivers of diversification

Spatial genetic patterns

Vicariance and dispersal

Conclusion

Supplemental Information

Datasheet with accession numbers of genetic data and raw data.

Sheet 1: Sample ID, corresponding gene, Bankit ID and sequence accession numbers; Sheet 2: Sample ID, population membership and population name; Sheet 3: Morphological data used for PCA analysis.

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5752/supp-1

AMOVA results.

H 1 to H 7: labels of each haplotype. Number of ticks on the network between haplotypes correspond to number of base pair differences between them.

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5752/supp-2

Mantel Correlogram results.

A: Populations identified by Geneland, B: Sex.

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5752/supp-3

Additional Information and Declarations

Competing Interests

Kartik Shanker is a cofounder of Dakshin Foundation, Bangalore.

Author Contributions

Ashwini Venkatanarayana Mohan conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Priyanka Swamy performed the experiments, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Kartik Shanker conceived and designed the experiments, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Field Study Permissions

The following information was supplied relating to field study approvals (i.e., approving body and any reference numbers):

Permission to conduct field surveys, including tissue collection from the Andaman keelback (listed under Schedule IV of the Indian Wildlife (protection) Act 1972) was obtained from the Department of Environment and Forests, Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Permit No. CWLW/WL/134/366). The permit from the Department of Environment and Forests covered all aspects of our study, including field survey, capture, morphological data collection and tail tip tissue collection.

Data Availability

The following information was supplied regarding data availability:

Raw data is provided in Supplemental File 1.

Funding

This study was funded by the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF), Govt. of India grant to the Center for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), 2014–2015 and 2015–2016. Fieldwork was supported by the Dakshin Foundation, Bangalore. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.

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