Taxonomic and systematic revisions to the North American Nimravidae (Mammalia, Carnivora)

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Introduction

Genus and tribe-level taxonomy

Study goals

Materials & Methods

Species concept

Character criteria

Character analysis

Character scoring

Tools utilized

  • 15 cm stainless steel digital calipers with 0.02 mm accuracy

  • 1.5 m non-stretch fiberglass measuring tape, considered accurate to the nearest millimeter

  • Stainless steel digital protractor with 0.3 degree accuracy

  • Binocular microscope with 50 × magnification

Employing character criteria

Morphometric analyses

Pogonodon

Valid species and characters

Cladistic analyses

Ingroup taxa

Character polarity

  • Amphicyonidae, Subfamily Daphoeninae: Daphoenus, Daphoenodon, Paradaphoenus

  • Miacidae: Miacis (any species except M. cognitus, as determined by Wesley-Hunt & Flynn (2005)), Vulpavus,Oodectes

  • Viverravidae: Viverravus, Didymictis, Protictis.

Optimality criteria

Parsimony.
Posterior probability.

Results

Specific validity

Dinictis

Pogonodon

Nimravus

Hoplophoneus

Cladistic analyses

Parsimony

Posterior probability

Discussion

Systematic Paleontology

Genus Dinictis (Leidy, 1854)

Dinictis felina (Leidy, 1854)

Genus Pogonodon (Cope, 1880b)

Pogonodon platycopis (Cope, 1879c)

Pogonodon davisi (Merriam, 1906)

HOPLOPHONEINI Kretzoi (1929)

Genus Hoplophoneus (Cope, 1874)

Hoplophoneus primaevus (Leidy, 1851)

Hoplophoneus oharrai (Jepsen, 1926)

Hoplophoneus occidentalis (Leidy, 1866)

Hoplophoneus sicarius (Sinclair & Jepsen, 1927)

Hoplophoneus dakotensis (Hatcher, 1895)

Hoplophoneus cerebralis (Cope, 1880a)

Genus Nanosmilus (Martin, 1992)

Nanosmilus kurteni (Martin, 1992)

NIMRAVINI Cope (1880b)

Genus Nimravus (Cope, 1879b)

Nimravus brachyops (Cope, 1878)

Genus Dinaelurus (Eaton, 1922)

Dinaelurus crassus— (Eaton, 1922)

Species of Uncertain or Indeterminate Status

Hoplophoneus strigidens (Cope, 1878)

Conclusion

Supplemental Information

List of specimens examined

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1658/supp-1

Depictions of how specimens were measured

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1658/supp-2

Raw measurement data

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1658/supp-3

DFA coefficients

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1658/supp-4

R code utilized in analyses

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1658/supp-5

Modified data for R analyses

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1658/supp-6

Character matrix

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1658/supp-7

Additional Information and Declarations

Competing Interests

The author declares there are no competing interests.

Author Contributions

Paul Z. Barrett conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, wrote the paper, prepared figures and/or tables, reviewed drafts of the paper.

Data Availability

The following information was supplied regarding data availability:

Data set is provided in Supplemental Information.

Funding

The author received no funding for this work.

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