Effectiveness of antifungal treatments during chytridiomycosis epizootics in populations of an endangered frog

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RT @stephenmarek2: Treatment of chytridiomycosis in frogs https://t.co/uPkBzIs9Dw via @PeerJLife
Treatment of chytridiomycosis in frogs https://t.co/uPkBzIs9Dw via @PeerJLife
1183 days ago
RT @km_tsui: Treatment of chytridiomycosis in frogs https://t.co/I4lLcvqqsN via @PeerJLife
Treatment of chytridiomycosis in frogs https://t.co/I4lLcvqqsN via @PeerJLife
Effectiveness of antifungal treatments during chytridiomycosis epizootics in populations of an endangered frog https://t.co/Q41LYxguPP @thePeerJ https://t.co/WCJP4bzSq9
Aquatic Biology

Main article text

 

Introduction

Methods

Itraconazole treatment of early life stages

Itraconazole treatment of adults

LeConte Basin

Treasure Lakes Basin

Microbiome augmentation of subadults

Quantifying Bd load using skin swabs

Statistical Analyses

Itraconazole treatment of early life stages

Itraconazole treatment of adults

Microbiome augmentation of subadults

Results

Itraconazole treatment of early life stages

Itraconazole treatment of adults

LeConte Basin

Treasure Lakes Basin

Microbiome augmentation of subadults

Discussion

Itraconazole treatment of early life stages

Itraconazole treatment of adults

Microbiome augmentation of subadult frogs

Conclusions

Supplemental Information

Supplemental methods.

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12712/supp-1

Additional Information and Declarations

Competing Interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Author Contributions

Roland A. Knapp conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft.

Maxwell B. Joseph conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft.

Thomas C. Smith conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft.

Ericka E. Hegeman performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft.

Vance T. Vredenburg conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft.

James E. Erdman Jr conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft.

Daniel M. Boiano performed the experiments, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft.

Andrea J Jani conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft.

Cheryl J. Briggs conceived and designed the experiments, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft.

Animal Ethics

The following information was supplied relating to ethical approvals (i.e., approving body and any reference numbers):

Research permits were provided by Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Forest Service, and the Institutional Animal Use and Care Committee at the University of California-Santa Barbara.

Field Study Permissions

The following information was supplied relating to field study approvals (i.e., approving body and any reference numbers):

Permits to conduct disease mitigation research at the study sites were provided by Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks and U.S. Forest Service.

Data Availability

The following information was supplied regarding data availability:

All datasets and code to replicate the analyses are available at GitHub: https://github.com/SNARL1/bd-mitigation-report.

All datasets are available at Dryad: Knapp, Roland et al. (2021), Data from: Effectiveness of antifungal treatments during chytridiomycosis epizootics in populations of an endangered frog, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.25349/D9D90C.

Funding

The research described in this paper was supported by grants from Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, National Science Foundation (NSF)–National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Disease program (EF-0723563), NSF Rapid Response Research program (IOS-1244804), NSF Long-term Research in Environmental Biology program (DEB-1557190), and NSF IOS-1455873. Development of this paper was supported by Cooperative Agreement P19AC00789 from the National Park Service. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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