Preclinical models of acute liver failure: a comprehensive review

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Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology

Main article text

 

Introduction

Survey Methodology

Defining ALF

Animal selection

Surgical models of ALF

Anhepatic models

Partial hepatectomy

Portocaval anastomosis & hepatic artery ligation

Pharmacological models of ALF

Acetaminophen

D-galactosamine

Carbon tetrachloride

Thioacetamide

Azoxymethane

Other pharmacological agents for inducing ALF in animal models

Immunogenic models of ALF

Concanavalin A

Fas antibody

Viral models of ALF

Other models of immune-mediated ALF

Other models

Concluding remarks

Additional Information and Declarations

Competing Interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Author Contributions

Joshua Hefler conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft.

Braulio A. Marfil-Garza analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft.

Rena L. Pawlick analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft.

Darren H. Freed conceived and designed the experiments, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft.

Constantine J. Karvellas conceived and designed the experiments, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft.

David L. Bigam conceived and designed the experiments, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft.

A. M. James Shapiro conceived and designed the experiments, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft.

Data Availability

The following information was supplied regarding data availability:

There is no raw data associated with this literature review.

Funding

Braulio A. Marfil-Garza is supported by the Patronato del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran (INCMNSZ), the Fundación para la Salud y la Educación Dr. Salvador Zubirán (FunSaEd), and the CHRISTUS Excellence and Innovation Center. A. M. James Shapiro holds a Canada Research Chair in Transplantation Surgery and Regenerative Medicine. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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