Towards a unified generic framework to define and observe contacts between livestock and wildlife: a systematic review

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RT @AMCELL: Defining wildlife-livestock contacts https://t.co/x3I8KT8aB4 @thePeerJ Towards a unified generic framework to define and observ…
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Defining wildlife-livestock contacts https://t.co/x3I8KT8aB4 @thePeerJ Towards a unified generic framework to define and observe contacts between livestock and wildlife: a systematic review
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RT @AMCELL: Towards a unified generic framework to define and observe contacts between livestock and wildlife: a systematic review [PeerJ]…
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RT @Pirbright_Inst: Keeping track of interactions between wildlife and livestock is a vital step in preventing the spread of emerging and e…
RT @Pirbright_Inst: Keeping track of interactions between wildlife and livestock is a vital step in preventing the spread of emerging and e…
Keeping track of interactions between wildlife and livestock is a vital step in preventing the spread of emerging and existing diseases. This systematic review in @thePeerJ lays out how we can improve models of disease transmission https://t.co/tZFkcJWvho
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Defining wildlife-livestock contacts https://t.co/x3I8KT8aB4 via @thePeerJ We hope this framework will help standardise the collection and reporting of contact data; a valuable step towards being able to compare the efficacy of wildlife-livestock observation methods.
RT @AMCELL: Towards a unified generic framework to define and observe contacts between livestock and wildlife: a systematic review [PeerJ]…
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Towards a unified generic framework to define and observe contacts between livestock and wildlife: a systematic review [PeerJ] https://t.co/x3I8KT8aB4
RT @AMCELL: Really interesting + timely review! "Towards a unified generic framework to define and observe contacts between livestock and…
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Really interesting + timely review! "Towards a unified generic framework to define and observe contacts between livestock and wildlife: a systematic review" #COVID19 https://t.co/x3I8KT8aB4 via @thePeerJ
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Defining wildlife-livestock contacts https://t.co/x3I8KT8aB4 via @thePeerJ #OneHealth cc @HKVetSchool
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Towards a unified generic framework to define and observe contacts between livestock and wildlife: a systematic review https://t.co/DXrirbrxIG
RT @gerrygcarter: Towards a unified generic framework to define and observe contacts between livestock and wildlife: a systematic review ht…
RT @gerrygcarter: Towards a unified generic framework to define and observe contacts between livestock and wildlife: a systematic review ht…
Towards a unified generic framework to define and observe contacts between livestock and wildlife: a systematic review https://t.co/elupxHtcx2
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Towards a unified generic framework to define and observe contacts between livestock and wildlife: a systematic review https://t.co/EpaTVO4fKU @thePeerJ https://t.co/FWbBfPRvyR
Bacigalupo et al. conduct a systematic review to create a unified generic framework to define and observe contacts between livestock and wildlife @RoyalVetCollege @Pirbright_Inst @LSHTM Read the full @thePeerJ article https://t.co/8q82EUKRcH #AnimalBehavior #Ecology https://t.co/yB50sHx1nf
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Main article text

 

Introduction

Methods

Literature search and data extraction

Development of a generic unified framework

Results

Search results, quality appraisal and themes

Methods used to observe livestock-wildlife contacts

Definitions of direct and indirect contacts

Proposed unified framework to define direct and indirect contacts

Discussion

The need for a generic unified framework

Applications of a generic unified framework

Further development of the generic unified framework

Scope of existing wildlife-livestock contact studies

Limitations of this review

Conclusion

Supplemental Information

Rationale for conducting the systematic review, and the contribution to knowledge

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10221/supp-1

PRISMA checklist

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10221/supp-2

Details of publications included in the systematic review

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10221/supp-3

Data extracted from the publications included in the systematic review

This dataset contains raw and coded data used in the analyses. It includes descriptions and aims of 122 publications, the livestock and wildlife species studied and the observation methods used, the types and frequencies of direct and indirect contacts recorded and the definitions used for each, and the emergent themes.

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10221/supp-4

Themes of the review

Livestock-wildlife studies (n = 122) grouped by themes that emerged during data extraction. Where studies had more than one theme, each theme was identified as either primary (main) or secondary (supportive) based on the aims of the study; hence the total number of primary themes in this figure exceeds the number of studies.

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10221/supp-5

Wildlife and livestock species represented in the review

Many publications monitored multiple species of wildlife and livestock and therefore numbers of studies may exceed 100% for some groups.

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10221/supp-6

Livestock-wildlife contacts observed

Data from 122 papers included in the systematic review. The size and shade of circles indicate the number of studies in each category. Many publications used more than one method to monitor contacts, and therefore the numbers of studies exceed 100% for some groups.

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10221/supp-7

Methods used to monitor different types of contact

Methods used to observe wildlife grouped by methods used alone and in combination with other methods, and grouped by whether direct or indirect contact, or both, was monitored.

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10221/supp-8

Search strings used to identify publications that investigated contact between any wild and domestic mammal in Pubmed, Scopus and CAB Abstracts databases

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10221/supp-9

R packages used in the systematic review

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10221/supp-10

Location of the 122 wildlife-livestock contact studies included in the systematic review, stratified by continent

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10221/supp-11

Bacterial diseases studied in the context of wildlife-livestock contact studies

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10221/supp-12

Viral diseases studied in the context of wildlife-livestock contact studies

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10221/supp-13

Additional Information and Declarations

Competing Interests

The authors declare there are no competing interests.

Author Contributions

Sonny A. Bacigalupo conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft.

Linda K. Dixon, Simon Gubbins and Adam J. Kucharski conceived and designed the experiments, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft.

Julian A. Drewe conceived and designed the experiments, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft.

Data Availability

The following information was supplied regarding data availability:

Details of the publications included in the review and the raw data extracted are available as Supplemental Files.

Funding

Sonny A.J. Bacigalupo is supported by a Bloomsbury PhD studentship and the Royal Veterinary College through the London Interdisciplinary Doctoral Programme (BBSRC project number BB/M009513/1). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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