Founder effects drive the genetic structure of passively dispersed aquatic invertebrates
- Published
- Accepted
- Subject Areas
- Ecology, Evolutionary Studies, Genetics, Freshwater Biology
- Keywords
- migration, local adaptation, genetic differentiation, Rotifera, zooplankton, Cladocera
- Copyright
- © 2018 Montero-Pau et al.
- Licence
- This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ Preprints) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
- Cite this article
- 2018. Founder effects drive the genetic structure of passively dispersed aquatic invertebrates. PeerJ Preprints 6:e3254v2 https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.3254v2
Abstract
Populations of passively dispersed organisms in continental aquatic habitats typically show high levels of neutral genetic differentiation, despite their high dispersal capabilities. Several evolutionary factors, including founder events and local adaptation, and life cycle features such as high population growth rates and the presence of propagule banks, have been proposed to be responsible for this paradox. Here, we have modeled the colonization process in these organisms to assess the impact of migration rate, growth rate, population size, local adaptation and life-cycle features on their population genetic structure. Our simulation results show that the strongest effect on population structure is caused by persistent founder effects, resulting from the interaction of a few population founders, high population growth rates, large population sizes and the presence of diapausing egg banks. In contrast, the role of local adaptation, genetic hitchhiking and migration is limited to small populations in these organisms. Our results indicate that local adaptation could have different impact on genetic structure in different groups of zooplankters.
Author Comment
Minor corrections.
Supplemental Information
Figure S1.- Distribution of FST and FSTQ values with different recombination rates for two different values of fitness components (δ = 10-4 and 10-2 d-1) and without a diapausing egg bank
Box plot graph of FST and FSTQ values after 1000 sexual generations with different recombination rates for two different values of fitness components (δ = 10-4 and 10-2 d-1) and without a diapausing egg bank. For each of the fitness scenario, the left panel refers to K = 2·104 and the right panel, to K = 2·107 . The rest of parameters were r = 0.3 d-1, n = 5, s = 5, F = 1 and M = 2. Data is based on 100 replicates. Boxes represent 25th /75th percentile and black dots the 5th/95th percentile. Thin black lines and thick gray lines in each bar represent the median and the mean respectively. Dashed lines show the initial value of FST after foundation. Asterisks indicate FST statistically different from those without selection (δ = 0) (**, α = 0.05).