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Polymorphisms and distribution of South American manatees (Trichechus spp.)

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1 Programa de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
2 Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
3 Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos e Citogenética-SAMAM, Instituto Evandro Chagas-IEC, Ananindeua, Pará, Brasil
4 Coordenação de Zoologia, Setor de Mastozoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi-MPEG, Belém, Pará, Brasil
5 Laboratório de Enterobactérias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
DOI
10.7287/peerj.preprints.27787v1
Published
Accepted
Subject Areas
Biogeography, Conservation Biology, Genetics, Zoology, Biological Oceanography
Keywords
aquatic mammals, Atlantic sea, Amazonas river basin, Trichechus inunguis, Trichechus manatus, Aquatic mammals
Copyright
© 2019 Bonvicino et al.
Licence
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ Preprints) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
Cite this article
Bonvicino CR, Viana MC, de Oliveira EH, Emin-Lima R, Silva Júnior JdSe, Sousa MEM, Siciliano S. 2019. Polymorphisms and distribution of South American manatees (Trichechus spp.) PeerJ Preprints 7:e27787v1

Abstract

Traditionally, the morphological attributes and the range of Trichechus species have been clearly established. However, we herein show that morphological traits, like belly and pectoral flipper coloration in South American manatees may be polymorphic. Karyotypic analysis of T. manatus allowed the precise identification of this species and confirmed the variability of the observed morphological findings. Molecular analysis based on cytochrome b DNA and the D-loop mitochondrial region showed shared haplotypes between T. inunguis and T. manatus, suggesting the presence of an ancestral polymorphism. These findings showed the need of improving the identification of these species before implementing conservation strategies. Finally, we present a complete report on the extant distribution of these species in South America.

Author Comment

This is a submission to PeerJ for review.

Supplemental Information

Gazetteer of Trichechus. Number before localities refer to figure 1

AMNH= American Museum of Natural History, New York, MPEG= Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará state, IDSM= Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé, Amazonas state, Aquasis= mammal collection of the Brazilian NGO Associação de Pesquisa e Preservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos, Caucaia, Ceará state. CMA= Centro Mamíferos Aquáticos do ICMBio, Itamaracá, Pernambuco state.

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.27787v1/supp-1

Sequences CytB

Sequences Cyt B for Trichechus inunguis and Trichechus manatus

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.27787v1/supp-2

Salvatore Siciliano institutional ID card: Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro

Uploaded figure of my institutional ID card: Ministério da Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.27787v1/supp-3

Trichechus D-Loop sequences

D-Loop sequences for Trichechus manatus and Trichechus inunguis

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.27787v1/supp-4

Additional Information

Competing Interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Author Contributions

Cibele Rodrigues Bonvicino conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Maria Carolina Viana conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Edivaldo HC de Oliveira performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Renata Emin-Lima performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

José de Sousa e Silva Júnior performed the experiments, approved the final draft.

Maura Elisabeth M Sousa performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, approved the final draft.

Salvatore Siciliano conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Animal Ethics

The following information was supplied relating to ethical approvals (i.e., approving body and any reference numbers):

Marine mammal transportation, handling and necropsy licenses issued by Sistema de Autorização e Informação em Biodiversidade - SISBIO, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade - ICMBio, Ministério do Meio Ambiente - MMA to Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Aquáticos da Amazônia (GEMAM) of Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) numbers 30327-1 (permit issued on 22/02/2013 expired 24/03/2014) and 54305-1 (permit issued 06/02/2019 expires 06/02/2020).

Field Study Permissions

The following information was supplied relating to field study approvals (i.e., approving body and any reference numbers):

Field research and collection of data were approved by Ministério do Meio Ambiente - MMA,

Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade - ICMBio under Licenses SISBIO to Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi 30327-1 and 154305-1.

DNA Deposition

The following information was supplied regarding the deposition of DNA sequences:

Sequences are uploaded as supplemental files and will be deposited in GenBank as soon as the manuscript will be accepted

Data Deposition

The following information was supplied regarding data availability:

Biological tissue (skeletons, skin and muscle samples) are housed in Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará state, Brazil. Reports on the presence of manatees in South America are listed as references. Genetic data will be deposited in GenBank.

Funding

This work was supported by Vale S.A./Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)/Fundação Amazônia de Amparo a Estudos e Pesquisas (FAPESPA)/Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) (Grant no. 038/2011) and Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. (Petrobras) to Projeto Bicho D’água: Conservação Socioambiental, coordinated by Renata Emin-Lima; and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (Grant 304498/2014-9) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ, grant E-26/201-200/2014) to CRB. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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Polymorphisms and distribution of South American manatees (Trichechus spp.)
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