Ecological illiteracy can deepen farmers' pesticide dependency
- Published
- Accepted
- Subject Areas
- Agricultural Science, Anthropology, Entomology, Coupled Natural and Human Systems, Environmental Contamination and Remediation
- Keywords
- ecosystem services, social-ecological systems, agricultural anthropology, technology diffusion, ecological knowledge systems, behavioral change, sustainable intensification, insect decline, pesticides, agricultural pollution
- Copyright
- © 2019 Wyckhuys et al.
- Licence
- This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ Preprints) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
- Cite this article
- 2019. Ecological illiteracy can deepen farmers' pesticide dependency. PeerJ Preprints 7:e27579v1 https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.27579v1
Abstract
Over 2.5 billion smallholders cultivate the world’s arable land, strategically positioned to tackle multiple Anthropocene challenges. When consciously adopting ecologically-based pest management practices, they can improve resource use efficiency, slow biodiversity loss, resolve environmental pollution and safeguard human health. Yet, the effective implementation of knowledge-intensive management practices requires underlying ecological concepts to be well-understood. Here, drawing upon published social science research spanning 1910-2016, we illuminate deficiencies in the world’s farmers’ ecological literacy and in their valuation of insect-mediated ecosystem services. Though tribal people and indigenous folk possess sophisticated knowledge of insects that occur within farm settings, contemporary farmers know a mere 2.0 pestiferous herbivores and 0.8 pest-killing organisms (out of a respective 8 and 3 taxa). Ecosystem services such as biological control are annually worth hundreds of dollars ha-1 but remain unknown to nearly 70% of farmers globally. Also, agricultural systems with deficient ecological literacy tend to foster a greater dependency upon chemically-synthesized pesticides. If this ‘cognitive handicap’ can be remediated, farmers could become biodiversity stewards and champions in redressing multiple aspects of global environmental change.
Author Comment
Manuscript submitted to a peer-reviewed journal