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Highlighted in 4th World Conference on Marine Biodiversity

Research Infrastructures offer capacity to address scientific questions never attempted before: Are all taxa equal?

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1 Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
2 Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, Devon, UK
3 Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
4 Flanders Marine Institute, Ostend, Belgium
5 Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, UNESCO, Ostend, Belgium
6 Centre for Biodiversity, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia
7 Biology Department, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
8 Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
9 Marine Invertebrates Collections, Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia
10 Natural History Museum, Vienna, Austria
11 Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
12 Natural History Museum, London, UK
13 Biodiversity & Geosciences Program, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia
14 Centrum voor Milieukunde, Research group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
15 Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
16 Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
17 British Myriapod and Isopod Group, Ivybridge, Devon, UK
18 Instituto de Biociências, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
19 Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Senckenberg Nature Research Society, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
20 Mediterranean Institute of marine and terrestrial Biodiversity and Ecology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
21 Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
22 Department of Invertebrate Zoology & Hydrobiology, University ofLodz, Lodz, Poland
23 Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
24 Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
25 Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
26 American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
27 Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Laboratório de Geologia e Geofísica Marinha e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
28 Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
29 Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department, Marine Biology Section, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
30 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Pharmacognosy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
31 Biodiversity Research Centre, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
32 Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
33 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
34 Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
35 Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
36 Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
37 Computational Biology Institute, George Washington University, Ashburn, VA, USA
38 Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
39 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
40 UMR Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière, Université de Caen, Caen, France
41 Belgian National Committee on Antarctic Research, Belgian Academies of Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
42 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands
43 Senckenberg Nature Research Society, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
44 Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Paleontology and Geobiology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
45 Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
46 Research School of Earth Sciences, Australia National University, Canberra, Australia
47 A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Marine Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia
48 Universität Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
49 University of California, Davis, CA, USA
50 Editorial Board, WoRMS, Duivendrecht, Netherlands
51 Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
52 Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
53 Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
54 School of the Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
55 Graduate School of Science and School of Science, Department of Biology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
56 Hydrozoan Research Laboratory, Tourves, France
57 Department of Zoology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
58 Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, University of Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia
59 Department of Aquatic Ecology, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Chetumal, Mexico
60 Faculty of Life Sciences,Vienna Ecology Center, Department of Limnology and Oceanography, University ofVienna, Vienna, Austria
61 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska, Anchorage, AL, USA
62 Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Blanes, Spain
63 Museum and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, Darwin, Australia
64 Faculty of Sciences, Departamento de Biología Animal, University of Málaga, Malaga, Spain
65 Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia Mazatlán, Universidad Nacional Autonoma deMexico, Mexico, Mexico
66 Department of Aquatic Ecology, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Chetumal, Chetumal, Mexico
67 National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
68 Deptartment of Invertebrate Zoology & Hydrobiology, University ofLodz, Lodz, Poland
69 Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, National Interuniversity Consortium For Marine Sciences, Laboratory of Zoology and Marine Biology, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
70 Laboratorio di Biologia Marina, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
71 Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
72 Biology Department, University ofGhent, Ghent, Belgium
73 Department of Biological Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South-Africa
74 Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada
75 Department of Life Sciences, Alfonso University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
76 Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA
77 Biological Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Comparative Zoology, University ofCopenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
78 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
79 Editorial Board, WoRMS, Portland, OR, USA
80 Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Australia
81 National Oceanography Centre, Ocean Biogeochemistry and Ecosystems, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
82 Department of Geology and Paleontology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
83 Laboratório de coleções zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brasil
84 Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan
85 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
86 Zoological Institute und Zoological Museum, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
87 Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies, Esporles, Universitat de les Illes Baleares, Mallorca, Spain
88 Zoological Institute and Zoological Museum, University ofHamburg, Hamburg, Germany
89 Department of Life Sciences, Dankook University, Seoul, South Korea
90 South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia
91 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
92 Ecology and Conservation Group, Massey University, Institute of Natural Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand
93 A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
94 Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
95 P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
96 Zoological Museum, University ofCopenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
97 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
98 Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, The University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS, USA
99 Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and AquaculturΕ, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
100 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
101 Deptartment of Invertebrate Zoology & Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
102 Dipartimento di Zoologia e Genetica Evoluzionistica, Università degli studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
103 Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand
104 Department of Biology, University Brunei Darussalam, Rimba, Brunei
105 Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
106 British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK
107 Faculty of Biology and Geography, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
108 German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research, Senckenberg am Meer, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
109 Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, USA
110 Department of Invertebrate Zoology & Geology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
111 Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
112 Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, São José dos Pinhais, Brazil
113 Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
114 Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
115 Stazione Zoologica 'Anton Dohrn' of Naples, Naples, Italy
116 Department of Animal Ecology & Systematics, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
117 Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde, Bern, Switzerland
118 Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
119 Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Hanoi, Vietnam
120 Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
121 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
122 Toxicology and Hazard Assessment Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
123 Research Center for Coastal Lagoon and Environments, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
124 Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of Ryukyus, Senbaru, Japan
125 Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
126 Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
127 Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Protected Resources Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
128 Muzeul National de Istorie Naturala Grigore Antipa, Bucharest, Romania
129 Ulster Museum, National Museums of Northern Ireland, Holywood, UK
130 Biology Department, Agnes Scott College, Decatur, IL, USA
131 Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
132 Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI, USA
133 University of Ryukyus, Senbaru, Japan
134 Harte Research Institute for Gulf ofMexico Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
135 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón, Gijón, Spain
136 National Oceanography Centre, School of Ocean & Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
137 Department of zoology and animal cell dynamics, University of the Basque country, Vizcaya, Spain
138 Faculty of Biology Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
139 Institute of animal ecology and cell biology, ITZ, Ecology and Evolution, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
140 University of Cambridge, CASP, Cambridge, UK
141 University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
142 Centro Universitário de Volta Redonda, Volta Redonda, Brazil
143 Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal doRio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
144 Department of Zoology and Aquaculture, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Andhra Pradesh, India
145 Charles Sturt University, Sydney, Australia
146 University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
147 Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
148 Fish Vet Group Asia Limited, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
149 Institute of Sea Fisheries, Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
150 Tropical Biosphere Research Center, Sesoko Station, University of Ryukyus, Sesoko Island, Japan
151 Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
152 Museu de Oceanografia "Dr. Petrônio Alves Coelho", Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
153 Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Munich, Germany
154 Museu de Oceanografia "Dr. Petrônio Alves Coelho", Laboratório de Evolução e Diversidade Aquática, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Marília, Brazil
155 Instituut voor Natuur- en Bosonderzoek, Afdeling Biodiversiteit en Natuurlijk Milieu, Onderzoeksgroep Ecosysteemdiversiteit, Vlaamse overheid, Beleidsdomein Leefmilieu, Natuur en Energie, Brussels, Belgium
156 National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
157 Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
158 El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Lerma Campeche, Mexico
159 School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
160 Biology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
161 Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi - Sede di Firenze, Italian National Research Council, Florence, Italy
162 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
163 Bergen Museum, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
164 Environmental Laboratory & Ocean Monitoring Division, Orange County Sanitation District, Fountain Valley, CA, USA
165 Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, UK
166 Editorial Board, WoRMS, Hilversum, Netherlands
167 Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL, USA
168 Laboratory One, The Evergreen State College, Olympia, WA, USA
169 Geological Museum, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
170 Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
171 University of Modena e Reggio, Emilia, Modena, Italy
172 Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
173 Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
174 Finnish Museum of Natural History, University ofHelsinki, Helsinki, Finland
175 Eurofins Aquasense, Amsterdam, Netherlands
176 Universidade Federal do Pará, Guama, Brazil
177 Merellaan 13, Scherpenheuvel, Belgium
178 School of Zoology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
179 Department of Biology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
180 College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, USA
181 California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
182 Faculty of Science, The Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
183 Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Poliquetas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
DOI
10.7287/peerj.preprints.26819v2
Published
Accepted
Subject Areas
Biodiversity, Bioinformatics, Marine Biology, Taxonomy, Zoology
Keywords
LifeWatchGreece, taxa equality, Taxonomic Distinctness, WoRMS
Copyright
© 2018 Arvanitidis et al.
Licence
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ Preprints) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
Cite this article
Arvanitidis CD, Warwick RM, Somerfield PJ, Pavloudi C, Pafilis E, Oulas A, Chatzigeorgiou G, Gerovasileiou V, Patkos T, Bailly N, Hernandez F, Vanhoorne B, Vandepitte L, Appeltans W, Adlard R, Adriaens P, Kee-Jeong A, Shane A, Nesrine A, Anderson G, Martin A, Arango C, Artois T, Atkinson S, Bank R, Barber AD, Barbosa JP, Bartsch I, Bellan-Santini D, Bernot J, Bieler R, Błażewicz M, Bock P, Böttger-Schnack R, Bouchet P, Boury-Esnault N, Boxshall G, Boyko CB, Nunes Brandão S, Bray R, Bruce NL, Cairns S, Campinas Bezerra TN, Cárdenas P, Chan BK, Chan T, Cheng L, Churchill M, Corbari L, Cordeiro R, Cornils A, Crandall KA, Cribb T, D'hondt J, Daly M, Daneliya M, Dauvin J, Davie P, De Broyer C, De Mazancourt V, De Voogd N, Decker P, Defaye D, Dijkstra H, Dohrmann M, Domning D, Downey R, Drapun I, Eisendle-Flöckner U, Ewers-Saucedo C, Faber M, Figueroa D, Finn J, Fonseca G, Fordyce E, Foster W, Furuya H, Galea H, Garcia-Alvarez O, Garic R, Gasca R, Gaviria-Melo S, Gerken S, Gibson D, Gil J, Gittenberger A, Glasby C, Gofas S, Gómez-Noguera SE, González-Solís D, Gordon D, Grabowski M, Gravili C, Guerra-García JM, Guidetti R, Guilini K, Hadfield KA, Hendrycks E, Herrera B, Ho J, Høeg J, Holovachov O, Hooge MD, Hooper J, Horton T, Hughes L, Hyžný M, Moretti LI, Iseto T, Ivanenko VN, Jarms G, Jaume D, Jazdzewski K, Karanovic I, Kim Y, King R, Klautau M, Kolb J, Kotov A, Krapp-Schickel T, Kremenetskaia A, Kristensen R, Kroh A, Kullander S, La Perna R, LeCroy S, Leduc D, Lemaitre R, Lörz A, Lowry J, Macpherson E, Madin L, Mamos T, Manconi R, Marshall B, Marshall DJ, Martin P, McInnes S, Mees J, Meidla T, Merrin K, Miljutin D, Mills C, Mokievsky V, Molodtsova T, Mooi R, Morandini AC, Moreira Da Rocha R, Moretzsohn F, Mortelmans J, Mortimer J, Musco L, Neubauer TA, Neubert E, Neuhaus PN, Nguyen AD, Nielsen C, Norenburg J, O'Hara T, Okahashi H, Opresko D, Osawa M, Ota Y, Paulay G, Perrier V, Perrin W, Petrescu I, Picton B, Pilger JF, Pisera A, Polhemus D, Poore G, Reimer JD, Reip H, Reuscher M, Rios Lopez P, Rius M, Rzhavsky A, Saiz-Salinas J, Sartori AF, Schatz H, Schierwater B, Schmidt-Rhaesa A, Schneider S, Schönberg C, Senna AR, Serejo C, Shaik S, Shamsi S, Sharma J, Shenkar N, Shinn A, Sicinski J, Siegel V, Sierwald P, Simmons E, Sinniger F, Sivell D, Sket B, Smit H, Smol N, Souza-Filho JF, Spelda J, Stampar SN, Stienen E, Stoev P, Stöhr S, Strand M, Suárez-Morales E, Summers M, Swalla BJ, Taiti S, Tanaka M, Tandberg AH, Tang D, Tasker M, ten Hove H, ter Poorten JJ, Thomas J, Thuesen EV, Thuy B, Timi JT, Todaro A, Turon X, Uetz P, Utevsky S, Vacelet J, Väinölä R, van der Meij SE, van Haaren T, Venekey V, Vos C, Walker-Smith G, Walter CT, Watling L, Wayland M, Whipps C, Williams G, Wilson R, Yasuhara M, Zanol J, Zeidler W. 2018. Research Infrastructures offer capacity to address scientific questions never attempted before: Are all taxa equal? PeerJ Preprints 6:e26819v2

Abstract

Research Infrastructures (RIs) are facilities, resources and services used by the scientific community to conduct research and foster innovation. LifeWatch ERIC has developed various virtual research environments, which include many virtual laboratories (vLabs) offering high computational capacity and comprehensive collaborative platforms that supporting the needs of digital biodiversity science. Over its 250 years of history, the taxonomic research community has developed a system for describing, classifying and naming taxa across multiple levels. For the marine biota, taxonomic information is organized and made publicly available through the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) that records more than 250,000 described valid species. Although scientists tend to assign an equal status (in terms of contribution to overall diversity) to each taxon used in taxonomy, biogeography, ecology and biodiversity, the question “are all taxa equal?” has never been tested at a global scale. We present evidence that this question can be addressed by applying relatedness indices (Taxonomic Distinctness) over the entire WoRMS metazoan tree. The RvLab, developed by the LifeWatchGreece RI, operating on a high-performance computer cluster, has been used to meet the high computational demands required for such an analysis at a global scale.

Author Comment

This version corrects the author list.

Additional Information

Competing Interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Author Contributions

Christos D Arvanitidis conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Richard M Warwick conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Paul J Somerfield conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Christina Pavloudi conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Evangelos Pafilis conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Anastassis Oulas conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Giorgos Chatzigeorgiou conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Vasilis Gerovasileiou conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Theodoros Patkos conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Nicolas Bailly conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Francisco Hernandez conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Bart Vanhoorne conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Leen Vandepitte conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Ward Appeltans conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Robert Adlard conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Peter Adriaens conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Ahn Kee-Jeong conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Ahyong Shane conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Akkari Nesrine conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Gary Anderson conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Angel Martin conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Claudia Arango conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Tom Artois conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Stephen Atkinson conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Ruud Bank conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Anthony D Barber conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Joao P Barbosa conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Ilse Bartsch conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Denise Bellan-Santini conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Jimmy Bernot conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Rüdiger Bieler conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Magda Błażewicz conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Phil Bock conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Ruth Böttger-Schnack conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Philippe Bouchet conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Nicole Boury-Esnault conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Geoff Boxshall conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Christopher B Boyko conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Simone Nunes Brandão conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Rod Bray conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Niel L Bruce conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Stephen Cairns conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Tania N Campinas Bezerra conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Paco Cárdenas conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Benny KK Chan conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Tin-Yam Chan conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Lanna Cheng conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Morgan Churchill conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Laure Corbari conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Ralf Cordeiro conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Astrid Cornils conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Keith A Crandall conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Thomas Cribb conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Jean-Loup D'hondt conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Meg Daly conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Mikhail Daneliya conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Jean-Claude Dauvin conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Peter Davie conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Claude De Broyer conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Valentin De Mazancourt conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Nicole De Voogd conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Peter Decker conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Danielle Defaye conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Henk Dijkstra conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Martin Dohrmann conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Daryl Domning conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Rachel Downey conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Inna Drapun conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Ursula Eisendle-Flöckner conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Christine Ewers-Saucedo conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Marien Faber conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Diego Figueroa conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Julian Finn conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Gustavo Fonseca conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Ewan Fordyce conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

William Foster conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Hidetaka Furuya conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Horia Galea conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Oscar Garcia-Alvarez conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Rade Garic conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Rebeca Gasca conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Santiago Gaviria-Melo conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Sarah Gerken conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

David Gibson conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

João Gil conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Arjan Gittenberger conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Chris Glasby conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Serge Gofas conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Samuel E Gómez-Noguera conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

David González-Solís conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Dennis Gordon conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Michal Grabowski conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Cinzia Gravili conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

José M Guerra-García conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Roberto Guidetti conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Katja Guilini conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Kerry A Hadfield conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Ed Hendrycks conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Bachiller Herrera conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Ju-Shey Ho conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Jens Høeg conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Oleksandr Holovachov conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Matthew D Hooge conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

John Hooper conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Tammy Horton conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Lauren Hughes conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Matús Hyžný conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Luiz IF Moretti conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Tohru Iseto conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Viatcheslav N Ivanenko conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Gerhard Jarms conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Damià Jaume conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Krzysztof Jazdzewski conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Ivana Karanovic conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Young-Hyo Kim conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Rachael King conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Michelle Klautau conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Jürgen Kolb conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Alexey Kotov conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Traudl Krapp-Schickel conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Antonina Kremenetskaia conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Reinhardt Kristensen conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Andreas Kroh conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Sven Kullander conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Rafael La Perna conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Sara LeCroy conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Daniel Leduc conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Rafael Lemaitre conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Anne-Nina Lörz conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Jim Lowry conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Enrique Macpherson conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Larry Madin conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Tomasz Mamos conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Renata Manconi conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Bruce Marshall conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

David J Marshall conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Patrick Martin conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Sandra McInnes conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Jan Mees conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Tõnu Meidla conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Kelly Merrin conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Dmitry Miljutin conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Claudia Mills conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Vadim Mokievsky conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Tina Molodtsova conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Rich Mooi conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

André C Morandini conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Rosana Moreira Da Rocha conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Fabio Moretzsohn conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Jonas Mortelmans conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Jeanne Mortimer conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Luigi Musco conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Thomas A Neubauer conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Eike Neubert conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Peter NG Neuhaus conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Anh D Nguyen conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Claus Nielsen conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Jon Norenburg conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Tim O'Hara conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Hisayo Okahashi conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Dennis Opresko conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Masayuki Osawa conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Yuzo Ota conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Gustav Paulay conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Vincent Perrier conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

William Perrin conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Iorgu Petrescu conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Bernard Picton conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

John F Pilger conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Andrzej Pisera conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Dan Polhemus conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Gary Poore conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

James D Reimer conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Hans Reip conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Michael Reuscher conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Pilar Rios Lopez conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Marc Rius conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Alexander Rzhavsky conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

José Saiz-Salinas conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

André F Sartori conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Heinrich Schatz conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Bernd Schierwater conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Andreas Schmidt-Rhaesa conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Simon Schneider conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Christine Schönberg conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

André R Senna conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Cristiana Serejo conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Shabuddin Shaik conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Shokoofeh Shamsi conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Jyotsna Sharma conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Noa Shenkar conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Andrew Shinn conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Jacek Sicinski conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Volker Siegel conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Petra Sierwald conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Elizabeth Simmons conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Frederic Sinniger conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Duncan Sivell conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Boris Sket conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Harry Smit conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Nicole Smol conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Jesser F Souza-Filho conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Jörg Spelda conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Sérgio N Stampar conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Eric Stienen conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Pavel Stoev conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Sabine Stöhr conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Malin Strand conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Eduardo Suárez-Morales conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Mindi Summers conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Billie J Swalla conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Stefano Taiti conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Masaatsu Tanaka conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Anne H Tandberg conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Danny Tang conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Mark Tasker conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Harry ten Hove conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Jan J ter Poorten conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Jim Thomas conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Erik V Thuesen conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Ben Thuy conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Juan T Timi conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Antonio Todaro conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Xavier Turon conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Peter Uetz conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Sergiy Utevsky conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Jean Vacelet conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Risto Väinölä conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Sancia ET van der Meij conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Ton van Haaren conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Virág Venekey conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Chris Vos conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Genefor Walker-Smith conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Chad T Walter conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Les Watling conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Matthew Wayland conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Christopher Whipps conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Gary Williams conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Robin Wilson conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Moriaki Yasuhara conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Joana Zanol conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Wolfgang Zeidler conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Data Deposition

The following information was supplied regarding data availability:

The research in this article did not generate any data or code.

Funding

This research has been supported by the LifeWatchGreece infrastructure (ESFRI, MIS 384676), funded by the Greek Government under the General Secretariat of Research and Technology (GSRT), National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF). The work has also been supported by LifeWatch Belgium, jointly funded by the Research Foundation Flanders, Wallonia-Brussels Federation and Belgian Science Policy Office. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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Research Infrastructures offer capacity to address scientific questions never attempted before: Are all taxa equal?
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