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Small mammal diversity along two neighboring Bornean mountains

, , , ,
1 Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington DC, United States
2 Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California, United States
3 Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC, United States
4 Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics Group, Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
5 Sabah Parks, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
DOI
10.7287/peerj.preprints.26523v1
Published
Accepted
Subject Areas
Biodiversity, Biogeography, Ecology, Zoology
Keywords
Mt. Kinabalu, Mt. Tambuyukon, mountain endemics, Shannon index, Southeast Asia, elevational gradient
Copyright
© 2018 Hawkins et al.
Licence
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ Preprints) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
Cite this article
Hawkins MTR, Camacho-Sanchez M, Tuh Yit Yuh F, Maldonado JE, Leonard JA. 2018. Small mammal diversity along two neighboring Bornean mountains. PeerJ Preprints 6:e26523v1

Abstract

Biodiversity across elevational gradients generally follows patterns, the evolutionary origins of which are debated. We trapped small non-volant mammals across an elevational gradient on Mount (Mt.) Kinabalu (4,101 m) and Mt. Tambuyukon (2,579 m), two neighboring mountains in Borneo, Malaysia. We also included visual records and camera trap data from Mt. Tambuyukon. On Mt. Tambuyukon we trapped a total of 299 individuals from 23 species in 6,187 trap nights (4.8% success rate). For Mt. Kinabalu we trapped a total 213 animals from 19 species, in 2,044 trap nights, a 10.4% success rate. We documented the highest diversity in the low elevations for both mountains, unlike previous less complete surveys which supported a mid-elevation diversity bulge on Mt. Kinabalu. Species richness decreased gradually towards the highlands to a more even community with different species (high turnover), less rich but with the highest levels of endemism. These patterns suggest that an interplay of topography and climatic history of the region were drivers of the diversity gradient, in addition to standing climatic and spatial hypothesis.

Author Comment

This is a submission to PeerJ for review.

Supplemental Information

Animals sampled and trapping effort

Raw data of animals sampled and trapping effort.

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.26523v1/supp-1

Pictures from camera traps

Pictures from camera traps.

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.26523v1/supp-2

Similarity between the small mammal communities and distance (in elevation)

Similarity between the small mammal communities and distance (in elevation).

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.26523v1/supp-3

Additional Information

Competing Interests

Fred Tuh Yit Yuh is an employee of Sabah Parks.

Author Contributions

Melissa T. R. Hawkins conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Miguel Camacho-Sanchez conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Fred Tuh Yit Yuh conceived and designed the experiments, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Jesus E Maldonado conceived and designed the experiments, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Jennifer A Leonard conceived and designed the experiments, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Animal Ethics

The following information was supplied relating to ethical approvals (i.e., approving body and any reference numbers):

Animal care and use committees approved the protocols: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Proposal Number 2012-04 and Estación Biológica de Doñana Proposal Number CGL2010-21524.

Field Study Permissions

The following information was supplied relating to field study approvals (i.e., approving body and any reference numbers):

Field research was approved by the Economic Planning Unit (Malaysia), the Sabah Biodiversity Center and Sabah Parks.

Data Deposition

The following information was supplied regarding data availability:

Raw data is provided in the Supplemental Materials.

Funding

MCS is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation Predoctoral Fellowship BES-2011-049186 and his fieldwork in Borneo was supported by grant EEBB-I-12-05317. This research was supported by the Spanish Research Council grants CGL2010-21524, CGL2014-58793-P. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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