Basal tolerance to heat and cold exposure of the spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii
- Published
- Accepted
- Subject Areas
- Ecology, Entomology, Environmental Sciences
- Keywords
- Spotted wing Drosophila, Cold tolerance, Heat tolerance, Realtive humidity, Thermal tolerance landscape
- Copyright
- © 2016 Enriquez et al.
- Licence
- This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ Preprints) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
- Cite this article
- 2016. Basal tolerance to heat and cold exposure of the spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii. PeerJ Preprints 4:e2646v1 https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.2646v1
Abstract
The spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, is a new pest in Europe and America which causes severe damages to stone fruits crops. Temperature and humidity are among the most important abiotic factors governing insect life. In many situations, temperature can become stressful thus compromising fitness and survival. The ability to cope with thermal stress depends on basal level of thermal tolerance. Basic knowledge on temperature-dependent mortality of D. suzukii is essential to facilitate management of this pest. The objective of the present study was to investigate D. suzukii basal cold and heat tolerance. Adults and pupae were submitted to six low (-5 to 7.5 °C) and seven high temperatures (30 to 37 °C) for various durations, and survival-time-temperature relationships were investigated. In addition, pupal thermal tolerance was analyzed under low vs. high relative humidity. Our results showed that males had higher cold survival than females, and pupae appeared less cold-tolerant than adults. Above 5 °C, adult cold mortality became minor, even after prolonged exposures (i.e. one month). Males were less heat tolerant than females, and pupae showed a better survival to extreme high temperatures than adults. Low relative humidity did not affect D. suzukii cold survival, but reduced survival under heat stress. Overall, this study shows that survival of D. suzukii under heat and cold conditions depends on both stress intensity and duration, and the methodological approach used here, which was based on thermal tolerance landscapes, provides a comprehensive description of D. suzukii thermal tolerance and limits.
Author Comment
This is a submission to PeerJ for review.
Supplemental Information
Effect plots from GLM on the experiment with adults exposed to low temperatures
The plots show the conditional coefficients (“marginal effects”) of all variables included in the model as well as effects resulting from the interaction terms. The variables are cold exposure temperature, duration, sex (Male vs Female) and all the interactions. The statistical outputs (from the table of deviance) are also given (in blue) before the plots for all terms of the model.
Effect plots from GLM on the experiment with pupae exposed to low temperatures
The plots show the conditional coefficients (“marginal effects”) of all variables included in the model as well as effects resulting from the interaction terms. The variables are cold exposure temperature, duration, and all the interactions. The statistical outputs (from the table of deviance) are also given (in blue) before the plots for all terms of the model.
Effect plots from GLM on the experiment with adults exposed to high temperatures
The plots show the conditional coefficients (“marginal effects”) of all variables included in the model as well as effects resulting from the interaction terms. The variables are heat exposure temperature, duration, sex (Male vs Female) and all the interactions. The statistical outputs (from the table of deviance) are also given (in blue) before the plots for all terms of the model.
Effect plots from GLM on the experiment with pupae exposed to high temperatures
The plots show the conditional coefficients (“marginal effects”) of all variables included in the model as well as effects resulting from the interaction terms. The variables are heat exposure temperature, duration and all the interactions. The statistical outputs (from the table of deviance) are also given (in blue) before the plots for all terms of the model.
Effect plots from GLM on the experiment with pupae exposed to low temperatures under two relative humidity levels
The plots show the conditional coefficients (“marginal effects”) of all variables included in the model as well as effects resulting from the interaction terms. The variables are cold exposure temperature, duration, RH and all the interactions. The statistical outputs (from the table of deviance) are also given (in blue) before the plots for all terms of the model.
Effect plots from GLM on the experiment with pupae exposed to high temperatures under two relative humidity levels
The plots show the conditional coefficients (“marginal effects”) of all variables included in the model as well as effects resulting from the interaction terms. The variables are heat exposure temperature, duration, RH and all the interactions. The statistical outputs (from the table of deviance) are also given (in blue) before the plots for all terms of the model.
