Animal-oriented Virtual Environments: illusion, dilation, and discovery

As a research tool, virtual environments hold immense promise for brain scientists. Yet to fully realize this potential in non-human systems, theoretical and conceptual perspectives must be developed. When selectively coupled to nervous systems, virtual environments can help us better understand the functional architecture of animals brains during naturalistic behaviors. While this will no doubt allow us to further our understanding of the neural bases of behavior, there is also an opportunity to uncover the diversity inherent in brain activity and behavior. This is due to two properties of virtual environments: the ability to create sensory illusions, and the ability to dilate space and/or time. These issues will be presented in the context of three types of neurobehavioral phenomena: sensorimotor integration, spatial navigation, and interactivity. For each of these behaviors, a combination of illusory and time dilation examples will be reviewed. Once these applications have been reviewed, implications for improving upon virtual models for inducing the mental phenomena of illusion and time dilation will be considered. To conclude, future directions for this research area will be presented, particularly with relevance to gene-environment interactions.