BioAssay templates for the semantic web
- Published
- Accepted
- Subject Areas
- Bioinformatics, Computational Biology, Human-Computer Interaction, Data Science
- Keywords
- assay protocols, semantic web, bioassay ontology, common assay template, machine learning
- Copyright
- © 2016 Clark et al.
- Licence
- This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ Preprints) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
- Cite this article
- 2016. BioAssay templates for the semantic web. PeerJ Preprints 4:e1932v1 https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.1932v1
Abstract
Annotation of bioassay protocols using semantic web vocabulary is a way to make experiment descriptions machine-readable. Protocols are communicated using concise scientific English, which precludes most kinds of analysis by software algorithms. Given the availability of a sufficiently expressive ontology, some or all of the pertinent information can be captured by asserting a series of facts, expressed as semantic web triples (subject, predicate, object). With appropriate annotation, assays can be searched, clustered, tagged and evaluated in a multitude of ways, analogous to other segments of drug discovery informatics. The BioAssay Ontology (BAO) has been previously designed for this express purpose, and provides a layered hierarchy of meaningful terms which can be linked to. Currently the biggest challenge is the issue of content creation: scientists cannot be expected to use the BAO effectively without having access to software tools that make it straightforward to use the vocabulary in a canonical way. We have sought to remove this barrier by: (1) defining a bioassay template data model; (2) creating a software tool for experts to create or modify templates to suit their needs; and (3) designing a common assay template (CAT) to leverage the most value from the BAO terms. The CAT was carefully assembled by biologists in order to find a balance between the maximum amount of information captured vs. low degrees of freedom in order to keep the user experience as simple as possible. The data format that we use for describing templates and corresponding annotations is the native format of the semantic web (RDF triples), and we demonstrate some of the ways that generated content can be meaningfully queried using the SPARQL language. We have made all of these materials available as open source (http://github.com/cdd/bioassay-template), in order to encourage community input and use within diverse projects, including but not limited to our own commercial electronic lab notebook products.
Author Comment
Revised manuscript, after 1st round of peer review comments.
Supplemental Information
Supplementary Information: Apache Fuseki configuration
Supplementary Information: Apache Fuseki configuration