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In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of 1-lauroyl-rac-glycerol on Candidaalbicans biofilms

, , , ,
1 Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
2 Department of Periodontology Diagnostic Sciences, Dental Hygiene and Biomedical Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
3 Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
4 Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Ca, USA
DOI
10.7287/peerj.preprints.1717v1
Published
Accepted
Subject Areas
Cell Biology, Microbiology, Dentistry
Keywords
Candida albicans, in vitro, antimicrobial agent, monolaurin, biofilms., virulence factors, proteolytic enzymes, oral candidiasis, MIC/MFC, host inflammatory response
Copyright
© 2016 Chen et al.
Licence
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ PrePrints) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
Cite this article
Chen E, Seleem D, Benso B, Pardi V, Murata RM. 2016. In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of 1-lauroyl-rac-glycerol on Candidaalbicans biofilms . PeerJ PrePrints 4:e1717v1

Abstract

Monolaurin (also known as glycerol monolaurate) is a natural compound found in coconut oil and is known for its protective biological activities as an antimicrobial agent. The nature of oral candidiasis and the increased antifungal resistance, culminate the need for investigating novel antifungal therapeutic agents. In this study, we examine the antifungal activity of monolaurin against Candida albicans biofilms (strain ATCC: SC5314/MYA2876) in vitro and how monolaurin may alter specific host inflammatory markers, such as gene expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1α and IL-1β, as illustrated in co-culture models. The results from three groups were compared: 1- monolaurin (in the range of 3.9-2500 μM), positive control fluconazole (322 μM), and vehicle control group 1% Ethanol (v/v) The MIC and MFC of monolaurin were in the range 62.5-125 µM and 125-250 µM, respectively. The results show significant reduction in Log (CFU/ ml) of biofilms treated with 1250 and 2500 µM of 1- monolaurin when compared to the control groups. There was also a significant down-regulation of IL-1α and IL-1β in the biofilms treated with monolaurin. It can be concluded that monolaurin has a potential antifungal activity against C. albicans and can modulate the host’s pro-inflammatory response.

Author Comment

This is a submission to PeerJ for review.

Supplemental Information

Biofilms fungal load results with monolaurin treatments

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.1717v1/supp-1

Real-time PCR Quantitative analysis of virulence factors of C. albicans and fibroblasts inflammatory cytokines gene expression after treatment with monolaurin

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.1717v1/supp-2

Toxicity of monolaurin on fibroblasts

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.1717v1/supp-3

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of monolaurin on c. albicans

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.1717v1/supp-4

Proteolytic enzyme analysis of C. albicans proteinase and phospholipase after biofilms treatments with monolaurin

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.1717v1/supp-5

Additional Information

Competing Interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Author Contributions

Emily Chen conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, wrote the paper, prepared figures and/or tables, reviewed drafts of the paper.

Dalia Seleem conceived and designed the experiments, analyzed the data, wrote the paper, prepared figures and/or tables, reviewed drafts of the paper.

Bruna Benso conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, reviewed drafts of the paper.

Vanessa Pardi conceived and designed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, reviewed drafts of the paper.

Ramiro M Murata conceived and designed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, wrote the paper, reviewed drafts of the paper.

Data Deposition

The following information was supplied regarding data availability:

Supplemental datasets excel files on MIC of monolaurin, biofilm results, toxicity, proteinase and phospholipase enzyme activity, and PCR results are each submitted separately.

Funding

National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health of the National Institutes of Health under award number R00AT006507 and Brazilian Federal Agency for the Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES - 2317/2014-01). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funding agencies. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of 1-lauroyl-rac-glycerol on Candidaalbicans biofilms
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