Diet of the critically endangered brown-headed spider monkey (Ateles fusciceps fusciceps) in the Ecuadorian Chocó: Conflict between primates and loggers over fruiting tree species
- Published
- Accepted
- Subject Areas
- Conservation Biology, Ecology
- Keywords
- Diet, Conservation, Resources, Chocó, Ateles fusciceps fusciceps, Logging industry, logging, sustainability, Ecuador, primate
- Copyright
- © 2015 Morelos-Juárez et al.
- Licence
- This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ PrePrints) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
- Cite this article
- 2015. Diet of the critically endangered brown-headed spider monkey (Ateles fusciceps fusciceps) in the Ecuadorian Chocó: Conflict between primates and loggers over fruiting tree species. PeerJ PrePrints 3:e1574v1 https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.1574v1
Abstract
Identifying key food resources for critically endangered species is vital in the design of effective conservation strategies, particularly if these resources are also targeted by anthropogenic activities such as logging. The province of Esmeraldas in NW Ecuador is heavily dependent on commercial logging. It also maintains the only healthy population of the critically endangered brown-headed spider monkey (Ateles fusciceps fusciceps). The unprotected forest remnant of Tesoro Escondido, in the buffer zone of the Cotacachi Cayapas Ecological Reserve, is home to an estimated 130 individuals of a global population of approximately 250. There is an urgent need for information to develop effective conservation action plans for the species, in particular the impact of logging activity on key feeding resources. We characterised the floristic composition of the habitat of A. f. fusciceps and estimated the availability of fruit resources for the annual cycle of 2012-2013 in sixteen 0.1 hectare vegetation plots. We determined feeding preferences for A. f. fusciceps using behavioural observations applying the Chesson ε index to identify key feeding tree species. We reviewed regional logging permits to identify species targeted for extraction by the timber industry and calculated extraction volumes in primary forest for key feeding tree species to identify potential conflict between logging and primate diet. We identified 65 fruiting tree species from 34 families that formed the diet of A. f. fusciceps. The Chesson ε index identified twelve species as preferred species with further phenological observations identifying seven species as staple foods and two palms as potential fall back fruits. Additionally, high densities of the lipid rich fruits of Brosimum utile make this an important resource for this primate throughout the year. Of 65 feeding tree species identified for A. f. fusciceps, 35 species are also targeted as sources of timber. Five key feeding species would be depleted under current sustainable management extraction protocols while two other species would be significantly impacted in terms of local abundance.Given the critically endangered status of A. f. fusciceps, remaining primary forest in NW Ecuador requires urgent protection, including thorough revision of current logging protocols to ensure long term survival of the species.
Author Comment
This is a submission to PeerJ for review.
Supplemental Information
Tree species forming observed diet of brown-headed spider monkey
List of feeding trees for Ateles fusciceps fusciceps in Tesoro Escondido during 2012-2013
Raw data and analysis of tree species datasets from Tesorro Escondido, NW Ecuador
Raw tree species data sets from 16 x 0.1 hectare plots at Tesoro Escondido, NW Ecuador. Data includes analysis results of feeding indices and preference indices.
List of tree species observed in all 1.6 hecatre polts at Tesoro Escondido
List of all tree species observed in 16 x 0.1 hectare plots at teh study site of Tesoro Escondido, NW Ecuador