Recognition of species groups of Naupactus Dejean (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Argentina and neighboring countries

Key to species groups and subgroups of Naupactus from Argentina

• 1. Elytra with pair of tubercles at apexN. xanthographus species group (Figs. 1A and 1B)…

  1a. Elytra lacking pair of tubercles at apex2

• 2. Humeri well-developed; base of elytra bisinuate. Pronotum usually subconical and smooth or slightly punctate. Metathoracic wings well-developed3

  2a. Humeri usually reduced, if well-developed, elytral setae long and erect; base of elytra straight. Pronotum subcylindrical, usually granulose. Metathoracic wings reduced to absent7

• 3. Metatibial apex with broad, squamose corbel. Species usually more than 13 mm long4

  3a. Metatibial apex lacking corbel or with very slender corbel. Species usually less than 13 mm long5

• 4. Antennae moderately robust; scape reaching to slightly exceeding hind margin of eye. Scaly vestiture dull-colored and uniformly distributed, or arranged in stripes along pronotum and elytra, leaving denuded areas. Disc of pronotum usually convex, with deep median groove. Intervals of elytra convex; punctures of striae usually broadN. rivulosus species group (Figs. 1C–1E)

  4a. Antennae slender; scape exceeding anterior margin of pronotum. Scaly vestiture completely covering integument. Disc of pronotum flat or impressed; median groove linear to indistinct. Intervals of elytra usually flat; punctures of striae small.N. delicatulus species group (Figs. 1F and 1G)

• 5. Integument slightly sclerotized, covered with iridescent green, purple or copper colored scales; elytral setae usually long and erect. Antennae slender, usually reddish; scape reaching to slightly exceeding hind margin of eye. Pronotum subcylindrical, punctuate or rugose, usually very convex in males. Disc of elytra flat to slightly convex, lower than pronotum in lateral view. Spermathecal duct spiraled.N. auricinctus species group (Figs. 1H and 1I)

  5a. Integument strongly sclerotized, uniformly covered with dull-colored scaly vestiture or with pair of yellow or green longitudinal stripes, leaving denuded areas; elytral setae short, recumbent. Antennae stout, black; scape not exceeding hind margin of eye. Pronotum usually subconical, smooth and flat. Disc of elytra convex, higher than pronotum in lateral view. Spermathecal duct not spiraled6

• 6. Scaly vestiture usually green, yellow or cream, arranged in stripes along pronotum and elytra, leaving remaining parts of integument denuded. Lateral carinae of rostrum sharp, denuded. Base of elytra usually strongly bisinuate; intervals slightly convexN. tarsalis species group…(Figs. 2A–2D)

  6a. Scaly vestiture usually dull-colored, uniformly distributed or almost lacking. Lateral carinae of rostrum not sharp, squamose. Base of elytra slightly bisinuate; intervals usually flatN. cinereidorsum species group (Figs. 2E and 2F)

• 7. Protibiae lacking row of denticles on inner edge. Metatibial apex with narrow, setose corbel. Pronotum almost smooth. Scaly vestiture iridescent green or gray; elytral setae of medium-length and suberectN. hirtellus species group (Figs. 3A and 3B)

  7a. Protibiae with row of denticles on inner edge. Metatibial apex usually lacking corbel (external edge thickened/in some species). Pronotum granulose. Scaly vestiture dull-colored or almost lacking, accompanied by long, suberect to erect elytral setae, or iridescent green, purple or copper colored, having short, recumbent elytral setae8

• 8. Scaly vestiture dull-colored, with characteristic lateral white stripes from apex of rostrum to apex of elytra, accompanied by long and erect elytral setaeN. leucoloma species group (Fig. 3C)

  8a. Scaly vestiture completely lacking on dorsal surface, or iridescent green, purple or copper colored, accompanied by short, recumbent elytral setae or dull-colored, but without white stripes from apex of rostrum to apex of elytraN. purpureoviolaceus species group (Figs. 3D–3I)

Criteria for inclusion of Naupactus species recorded from Argentina

The 37 species of Naupactus from Argentina under consideration show the combination of characters detailed in del Río et al. (2018). This species number is the result of the following taxonomic and nomenclatural decisions:

1. Lanteri & Marvaldi (1995) synonymized Graphognathus Buchanan with Naupactus, and consequently the three species of “white-fringed beetles” assigned to Graphognathus in Wibmer & O’Brien (1986) were named N. leucoloma Boheman, N. minor (Buchanan) and N. peregrinus (Buchanan).

2. Some species were recently transferred from Naupactus to other genera, for example, N. carinirostris (Hustache) and N. signatus (Blanchard) sensu Morrone (1999), to Parapantomorus Emden, and to Symmathetes Schoenherr, respectively (del Río & Lanteri, 2018); N. sulphureoviridis (Hustache), originally classified in Teratopactus Heller (del Río, Lanteri & Guedes, 2006) and later in Naupactus, was recently placed in the original genus (del Río & Lanteri, 2018); and N. inermis Hustache was synonymized with Macrostylus (Mimographus) ocellatus Lanteri (del Río & Lanteri, 2018) and transferred to Lanterius Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal, based on the results of a cladistic analysis (del Río et al., 2018).

3. Lanteri & del Río (2017a) described the new species N. marvaldiae for the N. xanthographus species group, and del Río & Lanteri (2018) established new synonymies for several species showing color variation, sexual dimorphism or polymorphism, that is, N. bridgesii G.R. Waterhouse (senior syn. of N. angulithorax Hustache); N. auricinctus (senior syn. of N. ruficornis Boheman); N. peregrinus (Buchanan) (senior syn. of N. brevicrinitus Hustache); N. condecoratus Boheman (senior syn. of N. bosqi Hustache); and N. cyphoides (Heller) (senior syn. of N. calamuchitanensis Hustache, N. viridinitens Hustache and N. viridulus Hustache).

4. Naupactus transversus Boheman and N. ambiguus Boheman were excluded from this paper because they only occur in Brazil. The specimens misidentified as N. transversus in most entomological collections probably belong to a new species (they were labeled as N. missionum Kuschel in litteris at the MZSP) distributed in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay; and the specimens usually misidentified as N. ambiguus correspond to Pantomorus postfasciatus (Hustache), which share the geographic range of the latter species, plus Uruguay.

5. We excluded several species transferred from Pantomorus to Naupactus by Morrone (1999) because, in agreement with Wibmer & O’Brien (1986), we consider that they should be better classified in Pantomorus, at least until a comprehensive revision of the South American species of this genus is made. These are: Pantomorus auripes Hustache, Pantomorus fulvus Hustache, Pantomorus prasinus Hustache, Pantomorus similis Hustache and Pantomorus ruizi (Brèthes), which are within the Pantomorus auripes species group (Morrone & Lanteri, 1991; Lanteri et al., 1991; Lanteri, 1995; Scataglini, Lanteri & Confalonieri, 2005); Pantomorus viridisquamosus (Boheman) and Pantomorus obrieni Lanteri, within the Pantomorus viridisquamosus species group (Lanteri & Loiácono, 1990); the probably related Pantomorus humilis Hustache and Pantomorus hirsuticeps Hustache; the highly modified Pantomorus luteipes Hustache, displaying ant mimicry; Pantomorus bruneus Hustache from northwestern Argentina, which is probably close to Pantomorus minutus Hustache and to Pantomorus minutellus Wibmer & O’Brien from Bolivia and Peru, and allied to Asymmathetes Wibmer & O’Brien; Pantomorus postfasciatus (Hustache) originally described in Asynonychus and frequently misidentified as N. ambiguus Boheman (Lanteri, Guedes & Parra, 2002; Guedes, Lanteri & Parra, 2005); and the controversial Pantomorus cinerosus (Boheman) originally described in Naupactus and having six synonyms assigned to Pantomorus (Hustache, 1947; Wibmer & O’Brien, 1986; Morrone, 1999; Lanteri, Marvaldi & Suárez, 2002; Guedes, Lanteri & Parra, 2005).

6. We excluded the “fuller’s rose weevil” N. cervinus Boheman because of its controversial taxonomic position (del Río et al., 2018). Indeed, it has been classified in Asynonynchus Crotch (Hustache, 1947; Lanteri, 1986; Morrone, 1999), in Pantomorus (Buchanan, 1939; O’Brien & Wibmer, 1982; Wibmer & O’Brien, 1986) and in Naupactus (Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal, 1999). Asynonychus (type species Asynonychus godmani Crotch = N. cervinus Boheman) was synonymized with Naupactus in Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal (1999), but we consider that it should be treated either as a genus independent from Naupactus and Pantomorus, or as a junior synonym of Alceis Billberg.

7. Asynonychus cephalotes Hustache, 1947, classified in Pantomorus by Wibmer & O’Brien (1986) and in Naupactus by Morrone (1999), it is not a Naupactini and meets definition of genus Eurymetopellus Emden, therefore it is herein transferred to Tanymecini, genus Eurymetopellus, thus establishing the new combination Eurymetopellus cephalotes (Hustache).

Descriptions of groups of Naupactus from Argentina

• Naupactus xanthographus species group (Figs. 1A and 1B)

This group, which was revised by Lanteri & del Río (2017a), includes six species mainly distributed in the Parana and Atlantic forests of Brazil. In Argentina, N. dissimilis Hustache, N. navicularis Boheman and N. marvaldiae Lanteri & del Río are restricted to Misiones province; N. dissimulator Boheman ranges from this province to Buenos Aires along the gallery forests of the Parana river, reaching the southernmost distribution limit of the species group in the Parana forest; and N. xanthographus (Germar) is the only species widely distributed in the Central and Northern areas of the country and has also been introduced in Chile (Guzmán, Lanteri & Confalonieri, 2012). N. mimicus Hustache is endemic to the Atlantic-Parana forests of Brazil. Within the N. xanthographus species group, Lanteri & del Río (2017a) recognized two subgroups, one including N. xanthographus, N. dissimilis, N. navicularis and N. mimicus, and the other N. dissimulator and N. marvaldiae.

Species Included:

• 1-Naupactus dissimilis Hustache, 1947

Geographic distribution. Northeastern Argentina (Misiones), Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina), Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Caaguazú and Itapúa) and Uruguay (Artigas) (Lanteri & del Río, 2017a).

Host plants. Coniza albida Willd. ex Sprengel (Asteraceae), Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. (Rutaceae), Ilex paraguariensis Saint Hill. (Aquifoliaceae) and Zea mays L. (Poaceae) (Lanteri & del Río, 2017a).

• 2-Naupactus dissimulator Boheman, 1840 (= N. fallax Boheman, 1840)

Geographic distribution. Argentina (Buenos Aires, Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Misiones and Santa Fe), Bolivia (Cochabamba), Southern Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina and Río Grande do Sul), Paraguay (Itapúa) and Uruguay (Colonia, Maldonado, Montevideo and Paysandú) (Lanteri & del Río, 2017a).

Host plants. Ocotea punchella (Nees & Mart.) Mez (Lauraceae), Citrus sinensis L. (Rutaceae), I. paraguariensis Saint Hill. (Aquifoliaceae) and Prunus persicae (L.) Batsch (Rosaceae) (Lanteri & del Río, 2017a).

• 3-Naupactus marvaldiae Lanteri & del Río, 2017

Geographic distribution. Northeastern Argentina (Misiones) and Southern Brazil (Santa Catarina) (Lanteri & del Río, 2017a).

• 4-Naupactus navicularis Boheman, 1840

Geographic distribution. Northeastern Argentina (Misiones), Brazil (Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and São Paulo) and Paraguay (Itapúa) (Lanteri & del Río, 2017a).

Host plants. Citrus sp, especially Citrus sinensis L. (Rutaceae) (Lanteri, Marvaldi & Suárez, 2002).

• 5-Naupactus xanthographus (Germar, 1824) (Figs. 1A and 1B)

Geographic distribution. Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Córdoba, Corrientes, Entre Ríos, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquén, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero and Tucumán), southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina), Paraguay (Itapúa and Paraguarí) and Uruguay (Artigas, Colonia, Montevideo, Soriano and Treinta y Tres). It was introduced in Chile in 1942 (Durán, 1944) and is currently widespread from Atacama to Valparaiso and Juan Fernández Islands (Lanteri & del Río, 2017a).

Host plants. Erythrina crista-galli L. (Fabaceae), Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae) and other fruit plants (Ripa, 1983; Elgueta, 1993; Lanteri & del Río, 2017a).

• Naupactus rivulosus species group (Figs. 1C–1E)

It includes six species mainly distributed in the Chacoan biogeographic province: N. argentinesis Hustache and N. bruchi (Heller) are endemic to Argentina; N. rivulosus (Olivier) and N. variegatus Hustache have been only recorded in the Parana forest of Argentina (Misiones) and are also widespread in Brazil and Paraguay; N. bridgesii Waterhouse mainly occurs in the Yungas of Argentina and Bolivia, and N. sulphurifer Pascoe in the Monte and Espinal biogeographic provinces. The latter species N. sulphurifer (Fig. 1E) reaches the southernmost distribution of this group.

Other species probably belonging to the N. rivulosus species group are N. sahlbergi Boheman from Brazil (Federal District, Goiás, Minas Gerais and Paraná) and N. peruvianus Hustache from the Yungas of Bolivia and Peru.

Description. Species large (female 17–22 mm; male 14–16 mm) (Figs. 1C–1E). Integument strongly sclerotized. Scaly vestiture dull-colored and uniformly distributed or forming green, yellowish or pinkish stripes along pronotum and elytra and leaving denuded areas; scales round, small, slightly overlapped; elytral setae short, recumbent. Rostrum directed forward, 0.90–1.15X as long as wide at apex; lateral carinae subparallel, blunt. Forehead 1.15–1.20X as wide as rostrum at apex. Eyes convex. Antennae stout, medium length; scape clavate, usually not reaching hind margin of eye; funicle article 2, 2.5–3X as long as article 1; remaining funicle articles about 3X as long as wide; club 2.5–3X as long as wide. Pronotum subconical, 1.10–1.30X as wide as long (subcylindrical in N. sulphurifer); disc convex, usually slightly punctate; median sulcus usually deep; posterolateral angles impressed; base bisinuate, beveled. Scutellum squamose, white. Elytra 1.85–1.95X as long as wide; disc distinctly higher than pronotum in lateral view; humeri very broad; base bisinuate; intervals convex; punctures usually large; subapical calli distinct. Metathoracic wings usually well-developed. Procoxae lacking denticles; profemora wider than metafemora, particularly in males; protibiae with large hook-like mucro and row of small denticles on inner edge; meso and metatibiae lacking mucro in females, mesotibiae with small mucro in males. Metatibial apex with large squamose corbel; dorsal comb about as long as distal comb.

Female terminalia: sternite VIII suboval with or without apical prominence (Fig. 4A) or subrhomboidal (Fig. 4B); apodeme 2.5–3.5X as long as plate. Ovipositor (Fig. 5A) about 2/3 as long as of abdomen, with rows of long setae along posterior half, on external side of baculi. Spermatheca (Fig. 6A) subcylindrical, strongly sclerotized on proximal half (walls very thickened); collum very short, ramus indistinct to slightly developed. Spermathecal duct sclerotized, slender (narrower than opening of collum), about 3–6X as long as spermatheca.

Male genitalia: apex of median lobe subacute with small prominence at the tip (Fig. 7A), slightly recurved; apodemes about as long as, to slightly shorter than median lobe (see Fig. 7F). Endophallus without sclerites.

Species included:

• 6-Naupactus argentinensis (Hustache, 1926)

Geographic distribution. Endemic to Argentina (Catamarca, Misiones, Salta, Santiago del Estero and Tucumán).

Host plants. Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae) (Lanteri, Marvaldi & Suárez, 2002).

• 7-Naupactus bridgesii Waterhouse, 1844 (= N. angulithorax Hustache, 1947)

Geographic distribution. Argentina (Catamarca, Formosa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Río Negro, Salta, San Juan, San Luis and Tucumán) and Bolivia (Cochabamba, Potosí, Santa Cruz and Sucre).

Host plants. Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae) and Medicago sativa L. (Fabaceae) (Lanteri, Marvaldi & Suárez, 2002).

• 8-Naupactus bruchi (Heller, 1921) (= Archopactus niveopectus Hustache, 1926)

Geographic distribution. Endemic to Argentina (Salta, Santiago del Estero and Tucumán).

Host plants. Prosopis kuntzei Harms Kuntze (Fabaceae) (Lanteri, Marvaldi & Suárez, 2002).

• 9-Naupactus rivulosus (Olivier, 1790) (Figs. 1C–1D)

Geographic distribution. Northeastern Argentina (Misiones), Brazil (Amazonas, Bahía, Espirito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina and São Paulo) and Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Caazapá, Canindeyú, Guairá, Itapúa and Paraguarí).

Host plants. Hibiscus sp (Malvaceae) (Bosq, 1943), Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae), V. vinifera L. (Vitaceae), Citrus sp. (Rutaceae) and Eucalyptus sp. (Myrtaceae) (Silva et al., 1968; Lanteri, Marvaldi & Suárez, 2002; Lanteri, Guedes & Parra, 2002).

• 10-Naupactus sulphurifer Pascoe, 1881 (Fig. 1E)

Geographic distribution. Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Córdoba, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquén, Río Negro, Salta, San Luis, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero and Tucumán), Paraguay, and Uruguay.

Host plants. Larrea divaricata Cav. and Larrea cuneifolia Cav. (Zygophyllaceae); Gossypium hirsutum L. and Sphaeralcea sp. (Malvaceae) (Lanteri, Marvaldi & Suárez, 2002).

• 11-Naupactus variegatus Hustache, 1938

Geographic distribution. Argentina (Misiones), Brazil (Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul) and Paraguay. Argentina and Paraguay are new country records.

• Naupactus delicatulus species group (Figs. 1F and 1G)

It includes 15 species mainly occurring in the Parana and Atlantic forests of Brazil, only one recorded in Argentina, N. delicatulus Hustache (Misiones). The remaining species are: N. ancora Marshall, N. balteus Voss, N. barbicauda Boheman, N. chalybeipes Boheman, N. deses Schoenherr, N. fuscus Boheman, N. leucographus Boheman, N. loripes (Germar), N. nubilosus Boheman, N. ochreonotatus Voss, N. pulchellus Kuschel, N. submaculatus Hustache, N. suturalis Boheman and N. wilsoni Boheman. Some of these names may be synonyms.

Description. Species medium-sized (female 12–20 mm; male 11–16 mm) (Figs. 1F and 1G). Integument moderately sclerotized. Scaly vestiture very dense, brown or gray with cream of whitish markings; scales round, broadly overlapped; elytral setae short, recumbent. Rostrum directed forward, 1.15–1.30X as long as wide at apex; lateral carinae subparallel to slightly convergent anteriad. Forehead 1.25–1.35X as wide as rostrum at apex. Eyes convex. Antennae very slender, long; scape capitate, exceeding anterior margin of pronotum; funicular article 2, 2–2.45X as long as funicular article 1, remaining articles 3–3.70X as long as wide; club 3.10–4.10X as long as wide. Pronotum subconical, 1.15–1.35X as wide as long; disc flat to impressed, smooth to slightly undulate; base bisinuate. Scutellum squamose. Elytra 1.50–1.90X as long as wide, about as high as to slightly higher than pronotum in lateral view; humeri well-developed; base bisinuate; intervals flat to slightly convex; punctures small, with a scale or seta on bottom; subapical calli distinct only in females. Metathoracic wings well-developed. Legs long, slender; procoxae without denticles; profemora slightly wider than metafemora; protibiae with sharp, hook-like mucro and row of small denticles on inner margin; meso and metatibiae lacking mucro and denticles in females; mesotibiae with small mucro in males. Metatibial apex with broad, squamose corbel; dorsal comb longer than distal comb.

Female terminalia: sternite VIII subrhomboidal; apodeme about 2X as long as plate (see Fig. 4B). Ovipositor (see Fig. 5B) about 2/3 as long as abdomen, with rows of long setae along posterior half, on external side of baculi (see Fig. 5B). Spermatheca (Fig. 6D) subcylindrical, slightly sclerotized toward proximal end; collum conical, long; ramus distinct. Spermathecal duct sclerotized, wide, curled, about 10X as long as spermatheca (Cyrtomon like, see Lanteri & del Río, 2016).

Male genitalia: apex of median lobe triangular (Fig. 7B), slightly recurved; apodemes about as long as median lobe. Endophallus with sclerites consisted on a pyriform piece flanked by two wing-like pieces (Cyrtomon-like, see Lanteri & del Río, 2016).

Species included:

• 12-Naupactus delicatulus Hustache, 1947 (Figs. 1F and 1G)

Geographic distribution. Northeastern Argentina (Misiones) and southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina).

• Naupactus auricinctus species group (Figs. 1H and 1I)

It includes about 20 species mainly distributed in the Atlantic and Parana forests of Brazil, three of them occurring in northeastern Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay. The species recorded in Argentina are N. auricinctus Boheman, N. condecoratus Boheman and N. versatilis Hustache, being the latter the most widespread in the country. The other species that belong to this group are N. aerosus Boheman, N. agglomeratus Hustache, N aurolimbatus Boheman, N. basalis Hustache, N. bipes (Germar), N. bondari Marshall, N. decorus (Fabricius), N. habenatus Marshall, N. hypocrita (Germar), N. jacobi Hustache, N. macilentus Boheman, N. parallelus Hustache, N. pedestris Voss, N. pithecius (Germar), N. proximus Voss, N. sanguinipes Hustache, N. univittatus Boheman, N. viridicyaneus Hustache, N. viridisquamosus Boheman. Some of these species names may be synonyms.

Description. Species medium-sized to large (females 9–17 mm; males 8.5–12 mm) (Figs. 1H and 1I). Integument slightly sclerotized; antennae, tibiae and meso and metafemora often reddish. Scaly vestiture usually iridescent green, pinkish, copper-colored or grayish, in some species with lighter stripes along sides of pronotum and elytra; scales round, slightly overlapped; elytral setae fine, dark, erect, medium to very long. Rostrum directed forward, 1–1.30X as long as wide at apex; lateral carinae subparallel, usually sharp. Forehead 1.25–1.45X as long as rostrum at apex. Eyes usually convex. Antennae very slender, long; scape clavate to slightly capitate, usually exceeding hind margin of eye (except in N. versatilis); funicular article 2, 2.3–3.4X as long as article 1; remaining articles 3.35–4.7X as long as wide; club 3–3.5X as long as wide. Pronotum subcylindrical, often with remarkable sexual dimorphism, 1.20–1.35X as wide as long in females, 1.05–1.20X in males; disc slightly convex in females and strongly convex in males of some species, granulose to strigose; base usually straight, not beveled. Scutellum setose. Elytra 1.6–1.8X as long as wide, disc slightly higher than pronotum (females) or completely flat (males); humeri broad to slightly reduced; base straight to slightly bisinuate, not beveled; intervals flat, often with transversal rugosities; punctures small to indistinct; subapicall calli indistinct. Metathoracic wings well-developed. Procoxae often with denticles in males; profemora much wider than metafemora in males or some Brazilian species (N. condecoratus, N. bipes, N. pithecius); protibiae often inwardly curved, with large mucro and row of usually small denticles on inner margin; meso and metatibiae lacking mucro in females, and with small mucro in males. Metatibial apex without corbels; dorsal comb about as long as distal comb.

Female terminalia: sternite VIII (see Fig. 4B) subrhomboidal; apodeme 2–3.5X as long as plate. Ovipositor (see Fig. 5B) about 2/3 as long as abdomen, with rows of long setae along posterior half, on each side of baculi. Spermatheca (Fig. 6B) subcylindrical, strongly sclerotized toward proximal half; collum and ramus indistinct. Spermathecal duct (Fig. 6B) sclerotized, slender, usually spiraled.

Male genitalia: apex of median lobe subacute (see Fig. 7A), with or without distinct prominence at the tip; apodemes shorter or about as long as median lobe. Endophallus without sclerites.

• 13-Naupactus auricinctus Boheman, 1833 (= N. ruficornis Boheman, 1840; N. chloris Hustache, 1947) (Figs. 1H and 1I)

Geographic distribution. Argentina (Misiones), Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and São Paulo) and Paraguay (Central, Cordillera, Guairá, Itapúa and Paraguarí).

Host plants. Ilex paraguariensis Saint Hill. (Aquifoliaceae) (Bosq, 1943) and Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae) in Argentina; Pinus elliottii Engelm. and Pinus taeda L. (Pinaceae); and Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Salicaceae) in Brazil.

• 14-Naupactus condecoratus Boheman, 1840 (= N. bosqi Hustache, 1947)

Geographic distribution. Argentina (Corrientes and Misiones), Brazil (Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina and São Paulo) and Paraguay (Itapuá).

Host plants. Ilex paraguariensis Saint Hill. (Aquifoliaceae) (Lanteri, Marvaldi & Suárez, 2002).

• 15-Naupactus versatilis Hustache, 1947 (= N. imbellis Hustache, 1947)

Geographic distribution. Argentina (Chaco, Córdoba, Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Formosa, Misiones, Salta, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, and Tucumán), Brazil (Goiás, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina and Sāo Paulo) and Paraguay (Guairá and Itapúa).

• Host plants. Citrus sp. (Rutaceae) (Lanteri, Guedes & Parra, 2002).

• Naupactus tarsalis species group (Figs. 2A–2D)

It includes six Argentinean species mainly distributed in the Chacoan biogeographic province, two of them endemic, N. hirsutus Hustache and N. laticollis Hustache. N. cyphoides (Heller) (Fig. 2C) is the most widespread in Argentina and also ranges in Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay; N. viridicinctus Hustache (Fig. 2D) occurs in northeastern Argentina (Misiones) and the Parana forest of southern Brazil; N. tarsalis Boheman and N. schapleri Hustache are distributed in the Chacoan biogeographic province, the Yungas of Bolivia and the Cerrado in Brazil. Other species belonging to this group are N. fatuus Boheman, N. lar (Germar) and N. roscidus Erichson, mainly distributed in Brazil (Cerrado biogeographic province).

Description. Species medium sized to large (female 10–17 mm; male 8–13 mm) (Figs. 2A–2D). Integument strongly sclerotized. Scaly vestiture green, yellow or cream, forming stripes along pronotum and elytra, and leaving remaining parts of integument denuded, or dull-colored and uniformly distributed; scales, round, slightly overlapped (piliform in N. hirsutus); elytral setae short, slender, recumbent (except N. hirsutus). Rostrum directed forward, 0.80–0.95X as long as wide at apex; lateral carinae convergent anteriad, sharp (subparallel and blunt in N. viridicinctus). Forehead 1.25–1.50X as wide as rostrum at apex. Eyes strongly to slightly convex. Antennae slender, medium length to long (stout and short in N. cyphoides); scape slightly capitate, almost reaching hind margin of eye; funicular article 2, 1.50–2.70X as long as article 1; remaining articles about 3.20–5X as long as wide (1.5X in N. cyphoides); club 2.5–4X as long as wide. Pronotum slightly subconical, 1.45–1.65X as wide as long; disc flat to slightly convex, smooth; median sulcus usually indistinct; postero-lateral angles slightly impressed; base bisinuate, beveled. Scutellum squamose or setose. Elytra 1.55–1.95X as long as wide, distinctly higher than pronotum in lateral view; humeri very broad; base bisinuate; intervals usually flat; punctures small; subapical calli slight. Metathoracic wings well-developed. Procoxae lacking denticles; profemora usually slightly wider than metafemora; protibiae with small acute mucro (large in N. viridicinctus) and row of small denticles on inner margin; meso and metatibiae lacking mucro and denticles. Metatibial apex lacking corbel (slender and setose in N. cyphoides); dorsal comb about as long as distal comb.

Female terminalia: sternite VIII suboval (see Fig. 4A), subpentagonal (Fig. 4D) or subromboidal (see Fig. 4B); apodeme about 3.25–4X as long as plate. Ovipositor (see Fig. 5B) about 2/3 as long as abdomen, with rows of long setae along posterior half, on external side of baculi. Spermatheca usually subcylindrical (see Fig. 6A) (subglobose in N. cyphoides; Fig. 6E) and strongly sclerotized toward proximal end (walls very thickened); collum indistinct; ramus indistinct to slightly developed. Spermathecal duct slightly sclerotized, usually more slender than opening of collum, short (1–3X as long as spermatheca).

Male genitalia: apex of median lobe subacute, curved, with small prominence at the tip (see Fig. 7A); apodemes about as long as, to slightly longer than median lobe. Endophallus without sclerites.

Species included:

• 16-Naupactus cyphoides (Heller, 1921) (Fig. 2C) (= N. griseomaculatus (Hustache, 1923); N. prasinus Hustache, 1947; N. viridimarginalis Hustache, 1947; N. calamuchitanensis Hustache, 1947; N. viridinitens Hustache, 1947; N. viridulus Hustache, 1947).

Geographic distribution. Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Chubut, Córdoba, Corrientes, Formosa, Misiones, La Pampa, La Rioja, Rio Negro, Salta, San Luis, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero and Tucumán), Bolivia (Tarija and Santa Cruz), Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Capital district, Central, Itapuá and Presidente Hayes) and Uruguay (Rio Negro).

Host plants. Prosopis kutzei Harms Kuntze, Prosopis nigra (Grisebach) Hieron, Medicago sativa L. (Fabaceae); Schinopsis balansae Engl. (Anarcadiaceae) (Lanteri, Marvaldi & Suárez, 2002).

• 17-Naupactus hirsutus Hustache, 1947

Geographic distribution. Endemic to northwestern Argentina (Jujuy, Salta, Santiago del Estero and Tucumán).

Host plants. Prosopis kutzei Harms Kuntze, Prosopis nigra (Grisebach) Hieron, Medicago sativa L. (Fabaceae); Schinopsis lorentzii (Grisebach) Engler (Anarcadiaceae) (Lanteri, Marvaldi & Suárez, 2002).

• 18-Naupactus laticollis Hustache, 1947

Geographic distribution. Endemic to northwestern Argentina (Salta and Santiago del Estero).

Host plants. Prosopis nigra (Grisebach) Hieron (Fabaceae) (Lanteri, Marvaldi & Suárez, 2002).

• 19-Naupactus schapleri Hustache, 1947

Geographic distribution. Argentina (Formosa and Tucumán), Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo) and Paraguay (Capital district and Itapúa). Brazil is a new country record.

• 20-Naupactus tarsalis Boheman, 1840 (Figs. 2A and 2B) (=N. glaucivittatus Blanchard, 1847; N. albidiventris Hustache, 1947)

Geographic distribution. Argentina (Chaco, Corrientes, Formosa, Misiones, Salta, Santiago del Estero and Tucumán), Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz and Tarija), Brazil (Bahia, Federal District, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Tocantins) and Paraguay (Amambay, Concepción and Paraguarí).

Host plants. Citrus sp (Rutaceae) (Lanteri, Guedes & Parra, 2002)

• 21-Naupactus viridicinctus (Fig. 2D) Boheman, 1833

Geographic distribution. Argentina (Misiones) and Brazil (Minas Gerais, Santa Catarina and São Paulo).

• Naupactus cinereidorsum species group (Figs. 2E and 2F)

It includes five Argentinean species mainly distributed in the Chacoan biogeographic province, none of them endemic to the country. N. cinereidorsum Hustache is the most widespread in Argentina and follows the arch of the Espinal; N. castaneus Hustache and N. denudatus Hustache range in Chaco and Yungas; N. argentatus Hustache is mainly distributed in Chaco, and N. virens Boheman is the only restricted to the northeast (Parana forest) and widespread in Brazil (Parana forest and Cerrado). Other species probably belonging to this group are N. latifrons Boheman, N. morio Boheman, N. pictus Boheman, from Brazil and N. praedatus Erichson, from Peru.

Description. Species medium-sized (female 11–14 mm; male 9–11 mm) (Figs. 2E and 2F). Integument strongly sclerotized. Scaly vestiture gray, pale green or pale brown, lacking stripes of different colors or almost denuded of scales on dorsum; scales round, slightly overlapped or lacking; elytral setae short, recumbent. Rostrum slightly directed forward, 0.85–1.10X as long as wide at apex; lateral carinae slightly convergent toward apex, blunt. Forehead 1.20–1.45X as wide as rostrum at apex. Eyes convex. Antennae moderately stout, medium length; scape clavate, not reaching to slightly exceeding hind margin of eye; funicular article 2, 2–2.35X as long as funicular article 1, remaining articles 2–3.8X as long as wide; club 2.85–4.10X as long as wide. Pronotum subcylindrical to slightly subconical, 1.20–1.50X as wide as long; disc flat, smooth to slightly granulose; base slightly bisinuate, beveled. Scutellum squamose. Elytra 1.50–1.90X as long as wide, slightly higher than pronotum in lateral view; humeri broad; base slightly bisinuate; intervals usually flat; punctures usually large; subapical calli indistinct. Metathoracic wings usually well-developed. Procoxae without denticles; profemora slightly wider than metafemora; protibiae with mucro and row of denticles on inner margin; meso and meta tibiae lacking mucro and denticles in females; metatibiae with small mucro in males. Metatibial apex without corbel; dorsal comb about as long as distal comb.

Female terminalia: sternite VIII subcircular (Fig. 4E) or subrhomboidal (see Fig. 4B); apodeme about 2–4X as long as plate (the shortest apodemes are recorded for N. virens and N. argentatus). Ovipositor (see Fig. 5A) 1/2 to 3/4X as long as abdomen, with rows of long fine setae along posterior half, on external side of baculi (more sparse and slender in short ovipositors). Spermatheca (see Fig. 6A) usually subcylindrical and strongly sclerotized toward proximal end (subglobose en N. denudatus, see Fig. 6E); collum very short; ramus usually indistinct. Spermathecal duct slightly sclerotized, slender (about same width of opening of collum), not spiralized, usually short (2–3X as long as spermatheca).

Male genitalia: apex of median lobe acute to subacute, with small prominence at the tip (see Fig. 7A); apodemes about as long as median lobe. Endophallus without sclerites.

Species included:

• 22-Naupactus argentatus Hustache, 1947

Geographic distribution. Argentina (Corrientes, Misiones, Santa Fe and Santiago del Estero) and Paraguay (Presidente Hayes). Paraguay is a new country record.

Host plants. Saccharum officinarum L. (Poaceae).

• 23-Naupactus castaneus Hustache, 1947

Geographic distribution. Argentina (Chaco and Misiones), Bolivia (Santa Cruz, Tarija) and Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul). Brazil is a new country record.

• 24-Naupactus cinereidorsum Hustache, 1947 (Figs. 2E and 2F)

Geographic distribution. Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Córdoba, Entre Ríos, Misiones, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero and Tucumán) and Uruguay (Montevideo).

Host plants: Medicago sativa L. and Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Fabaceae), Heliantus annuus L. (Asteraceae) (Lanteri, Marvaldi & Suárez, 2002).

• 25-Naupactus denudatus Hustache, 1947

Geographic distribution. Argentina (Catamarca, Jujuy, Salta, Santiago del Estero and Tucumán) and Bolivia (Tarija).

• 26-Naupactus virens Boheman, 1840

Geographic distribution. Northeastern Argentina (Misiones), Brazil (Federal District, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rondonia and São Paulo) and Paraguay (Presidente Hayes). Paraguay is a new country record.

• Naupactus hirtellus (Voss) species group (Figs. 3A and 3B)

It includes one species distributed in the Chacoan biogeography province of Argentina and Paraguay, N. hirtellus, and two species from the Yungas of Bolivia and Peru (N. lizeri Hustache and N. viridimicans Hustache).

Description. Species medium sized (females 12–14.5 mm; males 9–11 mm) (Figs. 3A and 3B). Integument slightly sclerotized. Scaly vestiture dense, iridescent green or opaque gray, except the usually denuded elytral suture; scales round to oval; elytral setae medium length, erect. Rostrum slightly directed forward (gular angle almost 90°), 1–1.15X as long as wide at apex; lateral carinae subparallel to slightly convergent anteriad, blunt. Forehead 1.350–1.50X as wide as rostrum at apex. Eyes convex. Antennae slender, medium length; scape clavate, reaching to slightly exceeding hind margin of eye; funicular article 2, 2.25–2.50X as long as funicular article 1; remaining articles 2.85–3X as long as wide; club oval, 3–3.6X as long as wide. Pronotum subcylindrical to slightly subconical, with slightly curved flanks, 1.15–1.35X as wide as long; disc flat, smooth to slightly granulose; base straight to slightly bisinuate. Scutellum squamose or setose. Elytra 1.50–1.65X as long as wide, slightly higher than pronotum in lateral view; humeri well-developed to slightly reduced, rounded; base straight to slightly bisinuate, not beveled; intervals flat; punctures usually indistinct; apical calli indistinct. Metathoracic wings usually well-developed. Procoxae without denticles; profemora slightly wider than metafemora; protibiae with small mucro and lacking row of denticles on inner margin; meso and metatibiae lacking mucro and denticles. Metatibial apex with narrow setose corbel; dorsal comb about as long as distal comb.

Female terminalia: sternite VIII subrhomboidal (Fig. 4C); apodeme 3–4X as long as plate. Ovipositor (see Fig. 5B) as long as abdomen, with rows of long setae along posterior half, on external side of baculi. Spermatheca subcylindrical (see Fig. 6A), moderately sclerotized; collum and ramus indistinct. Spermathecal duct sclerotized, very slender, about 5X as long as spermatheca.

Male genitalia: apex of median lobe (Fig. 7C) very elongate, rounded, strongly recurved (Fig. 7E); apodemes slightly shorter than median lobe. Endophallus without sclerites.

Species included:

• 27-Naupactus hirtellus (Voss, 1932) (=N. cupreata (Voss, 1932); N. caroli Hustache, 1947)

Geographic distribution. Argentina (Chaco, Jujuy, Formosa, Misiones and Salta) and Paraguay (Central, Concepción, Cordillera, Guairá and Paraguarí).

Host plants. Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae) in Paraguay.

• Naupactus leucoloma species group (Fig. 3C)

It was revised by Lanteri & Marvaldi (1995) and includes five species mainly distributed in the Pampean biogeographic province and nearby areas (Chaco, Yungas, Espinal and borders of the Paraná forest). N. leucoloma Boheman shows the broadest distribution (Guzmán, Lanteri & Confalonieri, 2012), being introduced in Chile (including Eastern Island and Juan Fernández Islands) and other countries worldwide. N. minor (Buchanan) and N. peregrinus (Buchanan) are typical Pampean species and were also introduced outside their native range. N. albolateralis Hustache is endemic to Argentina (Chacoan biogeographic province) and N. tucumanensis Hustache ranges also in Bolivia (Yungas) and Paraguay (Chaco).

Species included:

• 28-N. albolateralis Hustache, 1947

Geographic distribution. Endemic to Argentina (Santiago del Estero).

29-Naupactus leucoloma Boheman, 1840 (= N. dubius (Buchanan, 1942), N. fecundus (Buchanan, 1947), N. imitator (Buchanan, 1947), N. pilosus (Buchanan, 1942), N. striatus (Buchanan, 1942).

Geographic distribution. Species broadly distributed in Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Chubut, Córdoba, Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Río Negro, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero and Tucumán), southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) and Uruguay (Artigas, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Durazno, Lavalleja, Montevideo, Paysandú, Soriano and Tacuarembó). Introduced in Chile, Peru, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and USA.

Host plants. There are about 385 known hosts for this species, including ornamentals, fruit trees, horticultural and industrial crops and forage. According to Kuschel (1972) it shows preferences for legumes, particularly Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae). In Argentina the main hosts of economic importance are alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. (Merr.) (Fabaceae), strawberry (Fragaria sp) and Prunus avium L. (Rosaceae), onion (Allium cepa L.) (Amarydillaceae), potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) (Solanaceae) (Lanteri, Marvaldi & Suárez, 2002; Lanteri et al., 2013). Solidago chilensis Meyen and Wedelia glauca (Ort.) Hoff. (Asteraceae) are common wild host plants.

• 30-Naupactus minor (Buchanan, 1947) (= N. breviscapus Hustache, 1947)

Geographic distribution. Argentina (Buenos Aires, Entre Ríos and Santa Fe), southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) and Uruguay (Canelones, Montevideo, Paysandú, Rivera). Introduced in USA.

Host plants. It is harmful for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), Lotus spp. and soybean (Glycine max L. (Merr.)) in Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay (Lanteri, Marvaldi & Suárez, 2002; Lanteri et al., 2013).

• 31-Naupactus peregrinus (Buchanan, 1939) (= N. brevicrinitus Hustache, 1947)

Geographic distribution. Argentina (Chaco, Entre Ríos, Misiones, Santiago del Estero and Santa Fe), southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay (Central) and Uruguay (Paysandú). Introduced in USA and Azores Islands.

Host plants. It is harmful for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. (Merr.)) in Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay (Lanteri, Marvaldi & Suárez, 2002; Lanteri et al., 2013). In Paraguay is associated with cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (Malvaceae).

• 32-N. tucumanensis Hustache, 1947 (Fig. 3C)

Geographic distribution. Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Córdoba, Formosa, Salta, Santiago del Estero and Tucumán), Bolivia (Santa Cruz) and Paraguay (Itapúa).

Host plants. Medicago sativa L. (Fabaceae) (Lanteri, Marvaldi & Suárez, 2002), Z. mays L. (Poaceae) and Schinopsis balansae Engl. (Anarcadiaceae).

• Naupactus purpureoviolaceus species group (Figs. 3D–3I)

It includes five species mainly distributed in the Pampean biogeographic province. N. rugosus Hustache and N. verecundus Hustache are endemic to Argentina (the latter was introduced in Chile) and mainly occur in Espinal and Monte provinces; N. chordinus Boheman and N. dives (Klug) are typical Pampean species and N. purpureoviolaceus Hustache is broadly distributed in northeastern areas of Argentina, southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay (Pampean, Chacoan and edges of Parana forest).

Other species that probably belong to this group are N. alternevittatus Hustache, N. pilipes Hustache and N. termolerasi Hustache, from Uruguay and southern Brazil.

Description. Species medium-sized to large (females 11–19 mm; males 9–17 mm) (Figs. 3D–3I). Integument moderately to strongly sclerotized. Scaly vestiture usually sparse, iridescent green, purple or copper-colored, dull-colored or completely lacking on dorsal surface (N. rugosus); elytral setae short and recumbent or long and erect. Rostrum slightly directed forward (gular angle almost 90°), 1.10–1.20X as long as wide at apex; lateral carinae subparallel, very sharp (convergent anteriad and blunt in N. rugosus). Forehead 1.30–1.40X as wide as rostrum at apex. Eyes usually convex. Antennae stout, short to medium length; scape clavate, not reaching hind margin of eye; funicular article 2, 1.30–1.90X as long as funicular article 1; remaining articles 2–2.4X as long as wide; club 2.50–3.25X as long as wide. Pronotum subcylindrical, 1.25–1.45X as wide as long, with slightly curved and slightly granulose, or with strongly curved flanks and granulose; base straight, slightly beveled. Scutellum setose (squamose in N. rugosus). Elytra 1.45–170X as long as wide, higher than pronotum in lateral view; humeri reduced, rounded; base straight; intervals flat or slightly convex; punctures small; apical calli indistinct. Metathoracic wing reduced. Procoxae without denticles; profemora slightly wider than metafemora; protibiae with small to medium sized mucro and row of denticles on inner margin; meso and metatibiae usually lacking mucro and denticles (mesotibiae with mucro and denticles in males of N. rugosus). Metatibial apex without corbel; dorsal comb about as long as, to slightly shorter than distal comb.

Female terminalia: sternite VIII usually subrhomboidal (see Fig. 4B) (suboval with prominence at the tip in N. rugosus, Fig. 4F); apodeme usually 2.5–4X as long as plate (about 1.5X in N. rugosus). Ovipositor usually half length of abdomen, with rows of long and often coarse setae along posterior half, on external side of baculi (Figs. 5B and 5C) (setae indistinct in N. dives and N. rugosus Figs. 5D and 5E); coxites strongly sclerotized and styli lacking only in N. dives (Fig. 5D). Spermatheca (Fig. 6C) subcylindrical, strongly sclerotized on proximal half; collum and ramus indistinct. Spermathecal duct (Fig. 6C) usually slender, undulate and of variable length (1.5–4X as long as spermatheca).

Male genitalia: apex of median lobe usually subacute with small prominence at the tip (see Fig. 7A) (with broad prominence in N. dives); apodemes slightly shorter to about half length of median lobe (Fig. 7F). Endophallus without sclerites or with small U-shaped sclerites.

Species included:

33-Naupactus chordinus Boheman, 1833 (Figs. 3F and 3G) (= N. suffitus Boheman, 1833; N. fernandezi Hustache, 1947; N. sericellus Hustache, 1947; N. sericeus Hustache, 1947).

Geographic distribution. Argentina (Buenos Aires, Misiones and Santiago del Estero) and Uruguay (Canelones, Cerro Largo, Montevideo and San José).

Host plants. Glycine max L. (Merr.) (Fabaceae), in Buenos Aires province.

• 34-Naupactus dives Klug, 1829 (= N. klugii Boheman, 1833)

Geographic distribution. Argentina (Buenos Aires), Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina) and Uruguay (Lavalleja, Maldonado and San José).

Host plants. Eryngium sp (Apiaceae), a perennial plant introduced from Europe and currently extended in the Pampean biogeographic province.

• 35-Naupactus purpureoviolaceus Hustache, 1947 (Figs. 3D and 3E) (= N. persimilis (Hustache, 1947))

Geographic distribution. Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Córdoba, Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Misiones, Santa Fe and Tucumán), Brazil (Río Grande do Sul), Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Caaguazí, Central, Concepción, Cordillera, Itapúa, Paraguarí and San Pedro) and Uruguay (Artigas, Cerro Largo, Maldonado, Paysandú, Rivera and Treinta y Tres). Brazil is a new country record.

Host plants. Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae) in Paraguay; Phaseolus sp. and Glycine max L. (Merr.) (Fabaceae), in southern Brazil.

• 36-Naupactus rugosus Hustache, 1947 (Figs. 3H and 3I)

Geographic distribution. Endemic to central-western Argentina (Catamarca, La Pampa, Mendoza, San Luis and Santiago del Estero).

Host plants. Eupatorium sp., Senecio subulatus D. Don ex Hook. & Arn. and Grindelia chiloensis (Cornel) Cabrera (Asteraceae); Larrea divaricata Cav and Larrea nitida Cav. (Zygophyllaceae) (Lanteri, Marvaldi & Suárez, 2002).

• 37-Naupactus verecundus Hustache, 1947 (= N. calamuchitanus Hustache, 1947; N. vianai Hustache, 1947)

Geographic distribution. Endemic to Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chubut, Córdoba, Corrientes, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Neuquén, Río Negro, San Luis, Santiago del Estero and Tucumán) and introduced in Chile. Silva et al. (1968) cited this species for southern Brazil, associated with grapes, however, we could not confirm the presence of N. verecundus in this country.

Host plants. Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz et Pavón) Pers., B. spartioides (Hook. et Arn.) Remy. (Asteraceae) and Portieria sp (Zygophyllaceae). It is harmful for V. vinifera L. (Vitaceae), other fruit plants and ornamental garden shrubs in Argentina (Mendoza province) and central Chile (Elgueta, 1993; Lanteri, Marvaldi & Suárez, 2002).