The outcomes of most aggressive interactions among closely related bird species are asymmetric

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Introduction

Materials & Methods

Interaction data

Statistical tests of asymmetry

Proportion of interactions won

Variation in dominance among locations

Results

Statistical tests of asymmetry

Proportion of interactions won

Variation in dominance among locations

Discussion

Asymmetric interactions and their consequences for ecology

Asymmetric interactions and their consequences for evolution

What causes variation in the asymmetric outcomes of aggressive encounters among species?

The rare flip: why does dominance shift for some species pairs across sites?

Asymmetric interactions and their consequences for human impacts

Supplemental Information

Readme file: description of variables in the datasets

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2847/supp-1

Dataset used in our study, with data from multiple locations lumped together for each species pair

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2847/supp-2

Dataset used in our study, with data for each species pair separated by location

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2847/supp-3

Data on the location and distance between sites for species pairs with data from multiple locations

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2847/supp-4

Additional Information and Declarations

Competing Interests

The authors declare there are no competing interests.

Author Contributions

Paul R. Martin conceived and designed the experiments, analyzed the data, wrote the paper, prepared figures and/or tables, reviewed drafts of the paper.

Cameron Freshwater and Cameron K. Ghalambor conceived and designed the experiments, wrote the paper, reviewed drafts of the paper.

Animal Ethics

The following information was supplied relating to ethical approvals (i.e., approving body and any reference numbers):

We used published data in a comparative test supplemented with a few additional natural history observations; this study did not require vertebrate ethics approvals.

Data Availability

The following information was supplied regarding data availability:

The raw data has been supplied as Supplemental Files.

Funding

Funding to support this work was provided by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada grant to Paul R. Martin and a National Science Foundation grant IOS-1457383 to Cameron Ghalambor. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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