Invasion history of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Ecuador

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Biodiversity and Conservation

Main article text

 

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusions

Supplemental Information

Known localities of the Harlequin Ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) in Ecuador.

Field “No. individuals” includes number of individuals recorded or “P” denotes presence records not reporting an exact number of observed individuals.

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10461/supp-1

Additional Information and Declarations

Competing Interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Author Contributions

Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft.

Emilia Peñaherrera-Romero conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft.

Field Study Permissions

The following information was supplied relating to field study approvals (i.e. approving body and any reference numbers):

Research permits were issued by Ministerio de Ambiente del Ecuador, 001-16IC-FLO-FAU-DNB/MA, 018-2017-IC-FAU-DNB/MAE, 019-2018-IC-FAU-DNB/MAE, and 006-2015-FAU-DPAP-MA.

Data Availability

The following information was supplied regarding data availability:

Raw data are available as a Supplemental File.

Funding

This study was supported by Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ (Research Funds for projects ID 35 “Biodiversity of urban and rural areas of Ecuador”, and ID 1057 “Impacts of habitat changes on the biological diversity of the northern tropical Andes”, Outreach project “Celebrando la Naturaleza” 2017–2020, and Publication Fund to Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia) and operative funds assigned to Instituto de Diversidad Biológica Tropical iBIOTROP, Museo de Zoología & Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA and by Programa “Becas de Excelencia” of Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación SENESCYT, Ecuador. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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