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Identification and expression analysis of NBS-LRR family genes in spinach

agricultural-science
bioinformatics
genomics
plant-science

Abstract

Downy mildew is a devastating disease that severely reduces spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) yield and quality, while NBS-LRR genes are core regulators of plant innate immunity against pathogens. Based on spinach genome data, this study identified 114 NBS-LRR family members via bioinformatics, which were classified into CN (40 members), CNL (27 members), N (19 members), NL (12 members), and other subclasses, with asymmetric distribution (enriched on chromosomes 1 and 3, 26.3% and 28.1% respectively). These members shared conserved motifs (motifs 2 and 12 most conserved) and showed intra-branch functional similarity. Combined with genome-wide association study (GWAS) results, 10 candidate genes were selected. They exhibited tissue-specific expression (e.g., SoarcTNL1 highly expressed in petioles/roots) and differential expression in resistant/susceptible materials (SoarcRN1 highest in resistant US78). Under downy mildew stress, resistant material (Whale) showed more obvious candidate gene upregulation, with inflection points/peaks at 6 and 8 dpi; protein-protein interaction analysis identified core proteins (SoarcRN1, SoarcNL8). This study clarifies spinach NBS-LRR gene characteristics and their role in downy mildew resistance, providing a critical foundation for subsequent gene function research and resistant spinach breeding.
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