SLAML-SignViz: A computer-readable notation and visual writing system for sign languages
Abstract
Writing systems are a cornerstone of education and communication in most cultures. However, they remain largely inaccessible to Deaf communities whose primary languages are signed rather than spoken. This disparity creates a significant barrier to inclusive education, as Deaf individuals are often forced to rely on spoken-language writing systems that do not reflect the structure or expression of their native sign languages. Existing sign language writing systems follow written spoken language conventions and abstract the visual nature of signing and fail to capture the simultaneous, spatial, and facial features that are essential to signed communication. To address this, we propose a computer-readable notation, SLAML, and a graphical writing system, SignViz, that together aim to represent all components of signed expression, i.e., hand shapes and movements, facial expressions and body posture. These systems are designed to support educational fairness by allowing Deaf students to read and write in their native language; and they enhance self-expression, improve literacy and enable richer participation in learning environments. By providing a more accurate and inclusive medium for written communication, this work seeks to empower Deaf learners and contribute to a more equitable and linguistically diverse education system.