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The role of YKL-40 in Alzheimer's disease pathology and drug targeting

biochemistry
cell-biology
neuroscience
neurology

Abstract

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, hyperphosphorylated tau tangles, and significant neuronal loss. Recent studies have implicated YKL-40, a glycoprotein commonly associated with inflammation and neural cell apoptosis, in the pathogenesis of AD.

Methods: We conducted an extensive search across major scientific databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. We selected peer-reviewed articles, review papers, and clinical studies focusing on YKL-40 in AD. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the potential roles and underlying mechanisms of YKL-40 in Alzheimer's disease pathology.

Results: This review comprehensively analyzes the multifaceted role of YKL-40 in AD, covering its cellular localization, biomarker associations, and pathological mechanisms. We also summarized the mechanistic pathways by which YKL-40 contributes to disease progression, highlighting its role in neuroinflammation, neural cell apoptosis, and disruption of the circadian regulation of immune responses. Moreover, the development of drugs targeting YKL-40, such as humanized anti-YKL-40 antibodies and small molecules, offers promising strategies for blocking AD progression.

Conclusion: This review highlights the potential of YKL-40 as a novel drug target and its implications for enhancing diagnostic precision and treatment strategies in combating Alzheimer's disease.

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