Novel biophysic methods to study macrophages
Abstract
The role of macrophages in the normal functioning of tissues and organs is difficult to overestimate. Despite the fact that macrophages were described more than a century ago, they continue to be cells that are intensively studied. Modern approaches allow us to assert that macrophage subpopulations and their phenotype are more complex than is commonly thought. Expanding the understanding of macrophage phenotypic diversity is a key priority in modern immunology, as it holds great promise for the advancement of cellular therapeutic strategies. Developing new methods for the comprehensive assessment of macrophage phenotypes is a critical step in this endeavor. In this review, we consider both classical approaches to studying macrophages (real-time PCR, Western blotting, flow cytometry, etc.) and translational methods (single-cell sequencing, single-cell mass spectrometry, droplet microfluidics, scanning probe microscopy, force spectroscopy, etc.). The review will be useful for both specialists who are beginning to study macrophages and for experienced scientists who wish to expand their knowledge of methods at the intersection of biological and physical sciences.