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It's not clear what the terms in the equation denote.

Am I correct to establish from the Calculations spreadsheet and Burgers & Chiappe (1999) that:

Cl is the lift coefficient (taken as 1) f the flapping frequency Amp the amplitude of a flap U the ground speed of the running animal (?) S the wing area

It's not clear whether p corresponds to the "average factor that consi...

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