PeerJ Computer Science Preprints: Real-Time and Embedded Systemshttps://peerj.com/preprints/index.atom?journal=cs&subject=10900Real-Time and Embedded Systems articles published in PeerJ Computer Science PreprintsAppropriateness of low cost sensor network for environmental monitoring in a tropical country: Experience and lessons learnt from real world deploymenthttps://peerj.com/preprints/272242018-09-202018-09-20B H SudanthaEmeshi J WarusavitharanaRangajeewa RatnayakeP K.S. MahanamaMassimiliano CannataDaniele Strigaro
Despite the advances in low cost open hardware and open software IoT (Internet of Things) enabled devices, their application in regional scale environmental monitoring has not been explored until the launch of 4ONSE (4 times Open and Non-conventional technology for Sensing the Environment) project, which is an ongoing research project between University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka and University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI). The project has paved the path for deploying low cost, open technologies based, non-conventional environmental monitoring systems in Deduru Oya river basin area of Sri Lanka. This research presents the selection process of appropriate sensors suitable for tropical climatic condition of Sri Lanka, issues encountered and remedies taken during the design and deployment phases.
Despite the advances in low cost open hardware and open software IoT (Internet of Things) enabled devices, their application in regional scale environmental monitoring has not been explored until the launch of 4ONSE (4 times Open and Non-conventional technology for Sensing the Environment) project, which is an ongoing research project between University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka and University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI). The project has paved the path for deploying low cost, open technologies based, non-conventional environmental monitoring systems in Deduru Oya river basin area of Sri Lanka. This research presents the selection process of appropriate sensors suitable for tropical climatic condition of Sri Lanka, issues encountered and remedies taken during the design and deployment phases.Robust telematics health monitoring and dispatching management system based on IoT and M2M Technologieshttps://peerj.com/preprints/270872018-08-022018-08-02Mohammadali FarahpoorEbrahim Sabouri
The Internet of Things is a telecommunication phenomenon which has been introduced during these years, wherein every physical thing would be equipped with electronic parts such as transceivers, sensors, Microcontrollers, RFID, actuators, and proper procedures that can make them able to interact with each other and even with the people, turning into an integrated portion of the Internet. The IOT in fact can be used in various areas, including industrial automation, automotive, home automation, transportation and fleet management, medical aids, smart power management, and a lot of other domains and needless to say that is one of the principles and integral parts of smart city and in a comprehensive view smart world. In this paper, first, we introduce our patent called “Intelligent Health Monitoring and Dispatching System (IHMDS)” based on IOT, telematics and M2M technologies for fleet management on construction, mining, and agriculture machinery. Then we will discuss how these type of systems can be used in smart cities and help to urban management. This system has been installed on more than 100 mining equipment (Dump-truck, Excavator, Loader, etc.) in five big iron mines in Iran and helps companies to maximize safety and increase their productivity. IHMDS is an embedded system comprises 5 main parts: sensors, controllers, industrial PC and a touch panel, network transceiver (GPRS/Wi-Fi), and GPS. A cloud-based software which uses GPS coordinates, artificial intelligence methods, queueing theory and shortest path algorithms provides dispatching and maintenance processes.
The Internet of Things is a telecommunication phenomenon which has been introduced during these years, wherein every physical thing would be equipped with electronic parts such as transceivers, sensors, Microcontrollers, RFID, actuators, and proper procedures that can make them able to interact with each other and even with the people, turning into an integrated portion of the Internet. The IOT in fact can be used in various areas, including industrial automation, automotive, home automation, transportation and fleet management, medical aids, smart power management, and a lot of other domains and needless to say that is one of the principles and integral parts of smart city and in a comprehensive view smart world. In this paper, first, we introduce our patent called “Intelligent Health Monitoring and Dispatching System (IHMDS)” based on IOT, telematics and M2M technologies for fleet management on construction, mining, and agriculture machinery. Then we will discuss how these type of systems can be used in smart cities and help to urban management. This system has been installed on more than 100 mining equipment (Dump-truck, Excavator, Loader, etc.) in five big iron mines in Iran and helps companies to maximize safety and increase their productivity. IHMDS is an embedded system comprises 5 main parts: sensors, controllers, industrial PC and a touch panel, network transceiver (GPRS/Wi-Fi), and GPS. A cloud-based software which uses GPS coordinates, artificial intelligence methods, queueing theory and shortest path algorithms provides dispatching and maintenance processes.A survey of secure middleware for the Internet of Thingshttps://peerj.com/preprints/12412017-03-072017-03-07Paul FremantlePhilip Scott
The rapid growth of small Internet connected devices, known as the Internet of Things (IoT), is creating a new set of challenges to create secure, private infrastructures. This paper reviews the current literature on the challenges and approaches to security and privacy in the Internet of Things, with a strong focus on how these aspects are handled in IoT middleware. We focus on IoT middleware because many systems are built from existing middleware and these inherit the underlying security properties of the middleware framework. The paper is composed of three main sections. Firstly, we propose a matrix of security and privacy threats for IoT. This matrix is used as the basis of a widespread literature review aimed at identifying requirements on IoT platforms and middleware. Secondly, we present a structured literature review of the available middleware and how security is handled in these middleware approaches. We utilise the requirements from the first phase to evaluate. Finally, we draw a set of conclusions and identify further work in this area.
The rapid growth of small Internet connected devices, known as the Internet of Things (IoT), is creating a new set of challenges to create secure, private infrastructures. This paper reviews the current literature on the challenges and approaches to security and privacy in the Internet of Things, with a strong focus on how these aspects are handled in IoT middleware. We focus on IoT middleware because many systems are built from existing middleware and these inherit the underlying security properties of the middleware framework. The paper is composed of three main sections. Firstly, we propose a matrix of security and privacy threats for IoT. This matrix is used as the basis of a widespread literature review aimed at identifying requirements on IoT platforms and middleware. Secondly, we present a structured literature review of the available middleware and how security is handled in these middleware approaches. We utilise the requirements from the first phase to evaluate. Finally, we draw a set of conclusions and identify further work in this area.Assessment of accuracy for target detection in 3D-space using eye tracking and computer visionhttps://peerj.com/preprints/27182017-01-132017-01-13Martin LerouxSofiane AchicheMaxime Raison
Over the last decade, eye tracking systems have been developed and used in many fields, mostly to identify targets on a screen, i.e. a plane. For novel applications such as the control of robotic devices by the user vision, there is a great interest in developing methods base on eye tracking to identify target points in free three dimensional environments. The objective of this paper is to characterise the accuracy the eye tracking and computer vision combination that was designed recently to overcome many limitations of eye tracking in 3D space. We propose a characterization protocol to assess the behavior of the accuracy of the system over the workspace of a robotic manipulator assistant. Applying this protocol to 33 subjects, we estimated the behavior of the error of the system relatively to the target position on a cylindrical workspace and to the acquisition time. Over our workspace, targets are located on average at 0.84 m and our method shows an accuracy 12.65 times better than the calculation of the 3D point of gaze. With the current accuracy, many potential applications become possible, such as visually controlled robotic assistants in the field of rehabilitation and adaptation engineering.
Over the last decade, eye tracking systems have been developed and used in many fields, mostly to identify targets on a screen, i.e. a plane. For novel applications such as the control of robotic devices by the user vision, there is a great interest in developing methods base on eye tracking to identify target points in free three dimensional environments. The objective of this paper is to characterise the accuracy the eye tracking and computer vision combination that was designed recently to overcome many limitations of eye tracking in 3D space. We propose a characterization protocol to assess the behavior of the accuracy of the system over the workspace of a robotic manipulator assistant. Applying this protocol to 33 subjects, we estimated the behavior of the error of the system relatively to the target position on a cylindrical workspace and to the acquisition time. Over our workspace, targets are located on average at 0.84 m and our method shows an accuracy 12.65 times better than the calculation of the 3D point of gaze. With the current accuracy, many potential applications become possible, such as visually controlled robotic assistants in the field of rehabilitation and adaptation engineering.HELP - An Early warning dashboard System, built for the prevention, mitigation and assessment of disasters, with a flexible approach using open data and open source technologieshttps://peerj.com/preprints/22292016-09-272016-09-27Lorenzo AmatoDimitri Dello BuonoFrancesco IzziGiuseppe La ScaleiaDonato Maio
H.E.L.P is an early warning dashboard system built for the prevention, mitigation and assessment of disasters, be they earthquakes, fires, or meteorological systems. It was built to be easily manageable, customizable and accessible to all users, to facilitate humanitarian and governmental response. In its essence it is an emergency preparedness web tool, which can be used for decision making for a better level of mitigation and response on any level.Risks or disasters are not events in our control, rather, they are situations to which we can better manage with a framework based on preparedness. The earlier and more precise the monitoring of hazards allow for faster response to manage and mitigate a disaster’s impact on a society, economy and environment.This is exactly what HELP offers, it plays a main role in the cycle of early warning and risk (Preparedness, Risk, Mitigation, and Resilience). It provides information in real time on events and hazards, allowing for the possibility to analyze the situation and find a solution whose outcome protects the most lives and has the least economic impact. As a tool it also provides the opportunity to respond to a hazard with resilience in mind, this means that not only does HELP prepare for and mitigate events, it can also be used to implement better organizational methods for future events, thus, minimizing overall risk. Providing people with the means to better be able to take care of themselves, lessening the effects of future hazards each and every time. HELP is a tool in a framework which was created to support governments in their efforts to protect their people, building their response efficiency and resilience. HELP (with the name of E.W.A.R.E. Early Warning and Awareness of Risks and Emergencies) was born as WFP (The World Food Program) and IMAA-CNR (Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis of the National Research Council of Italy) entered into a Cooperation Agreement concerning the development of a Geo-Spatial Data Infrastructure System for the Palestinian Civil Defense with the aim of building an enhanced preparedness capacity in Palestine.HELP has a simple and flexible but very effective logic to perform the early warning: Watch to open data sources on risk themes (NASA satellite data, Weather Forecast, world wide seismic networks, etc); Apply (programmable) “intelligence” to detect critical situations, exceeding of thresholds, population potentially involved by events, etc; Highlight critical elements on the map; Send alerts to emergency managers.
H.E.L.P is an early warning dashboard system built for the prevention, mitigation and assessment of disasters, be they earthquakes, fires, or meteorological systems. It was built to be easily manageable, customizable and accessible to all users, to facilitate humanitarian and governmental response. In its essence it is an emergency preparedness web tool, which can be used for decision making for a better level of mitigation and response on any level.Risks or disasters are not events in our control, rather, they are situations to which we can better manage with a framework based on preparedness. The earlier and more precise the monitoring of hazards allow for faster response to manage and mitigate a disaster’s impact on a society, economy and environment.This is exactly what HELP offers, it plays a main role in the cycle of early warning and risk (Preparedness, Risk, Mitigation, and Resilience). It provides information in real time on events and hazards, allowing for the possibility to analyze the situation and find a solution whose outcome protects the most lives and has the least economic impact. As a tool it also provides the opportunity to respond to a hazard with resilience in mind, this means that not only does HELP prepare for and mitigate events, it can also be used to implement better organizational methods for future events, thus, minimizing overall risk. Providing people with the means to better be able to take care of themselves, lessening the effects of future hazards each and every time. HELP is a tool in a framework which was created to support governments in their efforts to protect their people, building their response efficiency and resilience. HELP (with the name of E.W.A.R.E. Early Warning and Awareness of Risks and Emergencies) was born as WFP (The World Food Program) and IMAA-CNR (Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis of the National Research Council of Italy) entered into a Cooperation Agreement concerning the development of a Geo-Spatial Data Infrastructure System for the Palestinian Civil Defense with the aim of building an enhanced preparedness capacity in Palestine.HELP has a simple and flexible but very effective logic to perform the early warning: Watch to open data sources on risk themes (NASA satellite data, Weather Forecast, world wide seismic networks, etc); Apply (programmable) “intelligence” to detect critical situations, exceeding of thresholds, population potentially involved by events, etc; Highlight critical elements on the map; Send alerts to emergency managers.Canonical instabilities of autonomous vehicle systemshttps://peerj.com/preprints/17142016-02-062016-02-06Rodrick Wallace
Formal argument suggests that command, communication and control systems can remain stable in the sense of the Data Rate Theorem that mandates the minimum rate of control information required to stabilize inherently unstable 'plants', but may nonetheless, under fog-of-war demands, collapse into dysfunctional modes at variance with their fundamental mission. We apply the theory to autonomous ground vehicles under intelligent traffic control in which swarms of interacting, self-driving devices are inherently unstable as a consequence of the basic irregularity of the road network. It appears that such 'V2V/V2I' systems will experience large-scale failures analogous to the vast propagating fronts of power network blackouts, and possibly less benign, but more subtle patterns of `psychopathology' at various scales.
Formal argument suggests that command, communication and control systems can remain stable in the sense of the Data Rate Theorem that mandates the minimum rate of control information required to stabilize inherently unstable 'plants', but may nonetheless, under fog-of-war demands, collapse into dysfunctional modes at variance with their fundamental mission. We apply the theory to autonomous ground vehicles under intelligent traffic control in which swarms of interacting, self-driving devices are inherently unstable as a consequence of the basic irregularity of the road network. It appears that such 'V2V/V2I' systems will experience large-scale failures analogous to the vast propagating fronts of power network blackouts, and possibly less benign, but more subtle patterns of `psychopathology' at various scales.Frequency components with negative resistance for intellectual measurement systemshttps://peerj.com/preprints/15062015-11-142015-11-14Roman V Krynochkin
The aim of the given paper is a critical analysis of the prospects of further development of the frequency components with negative resistance. The possible and most promising areas of the development of new and improvement of existing frequency components in various technical fields, such as measurement of non-electrical and electrical parameters, the creation of computer systems and components of radio circuits, are shown.The most promising components, the development of which probably has a substantial interest for further improvement of technical and economic parameters of the engineering equipment, is given in a separate group.
The aim of the given paper is a critical analysis of the prospects of further development of the frequency components with negative resistance. The possible and most promising areas of the development of new and improvement of existing frequency components in various technical fields, such as measurement of non-electrical and electrical parameters, the creation of computer systems and components of radio circuits, are shown.The most promising components, the development of which probably has a substantial interest for further improvement of technical and economic parameters of the engineering equipment, is given in a separate group.The Shake Stickhttps://peerj.com/preprints/9952015-04-212015-04-21Alex WilsonAbram Hindle
We present a new embedded instrument, with discussion on the challenges of developping embedded instruments, and the practice and theory of NIME evaluation and design. The Shake Stick is a Raspberry Pi-based embedded instrument using SuperCollider for granular synthesis. In our analysis and design, we explore the MINUET design framework, dimension space analysis for inter-instrument comparison, and learning curves. Furthermore, we discuss lessons learned from using the instrument in group improvisation, as well as challenges and prospects for the creation of sound palettes used in the granular synthesis.
We present a new embedded instrument, with discussion on the challenges of developping embedded instruments, and the practice and theory of NIME evaluation and design. The Shake Stick is a Raspberry Pi-based embedded instrument using SuperCollider for granular synthesis. In our analysis and design, we explore the MINUET design framework, dimension space analysis for inter-instrument comparison, and learning curves. Furthermore, we discuss lessons learned from using the instrument in group improvisation, as well as challenges and prospects for the creation of sound palettes used in the granular synthesis.