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Competing Interests

Virve T. Ravolainen is an employee at the Norwegian Polar Institute and Leif Einar Støvern is an employee at the Norwegian Institute for Forest and Landscape Research. Nigel G. Yoccoz is an Academic Editor for PeerJ.

Author Contributions

Martin A Mörsdorf analyzed the data, wrote the paper, prepared figures and/or tables, reviewed drafts of the paper.

Virve T. Ravolainen conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, wrote the paper, reviewed drafts of the paper.

Leif Einar Støvern performed the experiments, wrote the paper, prepared figures and/or tables, reviewed drafts of the paper.

Nigel G. Yoccoz analyzed the data, wrote the paper, reviewed drafts of the paper.

Ingibjörg S. Jónsdóttir wrote the paper, reviewed drafts of the paper.

Kari Anne Bråthen conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, wrote the paper, reviewed drafts of the paper.

Funding

This work was initiated and received financial support from the Norwegian Environment Agency program of monitoring in mountainous areas. We also acknowledge financial support from the Icelandic Research Fund and from the Climate-Ecological Observatory of Arctic Tundra COAT. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.


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