An explanation of the relationship between mass, metabolic rate and characteristic length for placental mammals

Organizationally unaffiliated, San Diego, California, United States
DOI
10.7287/peerj.preprints.437v1
Subject Areas
Biophysics, Mathematical Biology, Zoology
Keywords
morphology, basal metabolic rate (BMR), placental mammals, mitochondria, Froude dynamic similarity, Strouhal dynamic similarity, body mass, characteristic length, sturdiness factor, phylogenetic groups
Copyright
© 2014 Frasier
Licence
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ PrePrints) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
Cite this article
Frasier C. 2014. An explanation of the relationship between mass, metabolic rate and characteristic length for placental mammals. PeerJ PrePrints 2:e437v1

Abstract

The Mass, Metabolism and Length Explanation (MMLE) was advanced in 1984 to explain the relationship between metabolic rate and body mass for birds and mammals. This paper reports on a modernized version of MMLE. MMLE predicts the absolute value of Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) for individual animals rather than parameters in the power law relationship BMR = a(body mass)b. Beginning with the proposition that BMR is proportional to the number of mitochondria in an animal, two primary equations are derived that predict BMR and body mass as functions of an individual animal’s characteristic length and sturdiness factor. The characteristic length is a measureable skeletal length associated with an animal’s means of propulsion. The sturdiness factor expresses how sturdy or gracile an animal is. Eight other parameters occur in the equations that vary little among animals in the same phylogenetic group. The present paper modernizes MMLE by explicitly treating Froude and Strouhal dynamic similarity of mammals’ skeletal musculature, revising the treatment of BMR and using new data to estimate numerical values for the parameters that occur in the equations. A mass and length data set with 575 entries from the orders Rodentia, Chiroptera, Artiodactyla, Carnivora, Perissodactyla and Proboscidae is used. A BMR and mass data set with 436 entries from the orders Rodentia, Chiroptera, Artiodactyla and Carnivora is also used. With the estimated parameter values MMLE can exactly predict every BMR and mass datum from the BMR and mass data set without any unexplained variance. Furthermore MMLE can exactly predict every body mass and length datum from the mass and length data set without any unexplained variance. Whether or not MMLE can simultaneously exactly predict an individual animal’s BMR and body mass given its characteristic length awaits analysis of a data set that simultaneously reports all three of these items for individual animals.

Author Comment

This paper is intended for submission to PeerJ for review after some revisions have been made. I apologize that the paper is so long. I tried to unambiguously explain everything that I had done. Perhaps the bulk of the Summary of MMLE theory and the Methods sections; and the methodology discussions in the Running/walking placental mammals, Rodentia and Bats sections should be supplemental data?

Supplemental Information

Data S1: Running-walking placental mammals masses and shoulder heights

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.437v1/supp-1

Data S2. Rodentia masses and lengths

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.437v1/supp-2

Data S3. Chiroptera (Bats) masses and lengths

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.437v1/supp-3