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The second axillary in Hymenoptera

,
  Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
DOI
10.7287/peerj.preprints.428v1
Published
Accepted
Subject Areas
Biodiversity, Entomology, Evolutionary Studies, Zoology
Keywords
pteralia, wing base, phenotype, Neoptera, evolution, anatomy ontology
Copyright
© 2014 Mikó et al.
Licence
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ PrePrints) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
Cite this article
Mikó I, Deans AR. 2014. The second axillary in Hymenoptera. PeerJ PrePrints 2:e428v1

Abstract

The wing base of basal hymenopterans (Insecta) have never been properly described perhaps due to the difficulties of its visualization and understanding the 3D relationships between wing base components. Novel 3D visualization techniques such as microCT and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) allow us to provide easily digestible morphological data. The wing base of four basal Hymenoptera and 10 apocritan species have been imaged with CLSM and dissected under a stereomicroscope. The second axillary is composed of two sclerites (on on the dorsal wing membrane and one on the ventral in Macroxyela, Xyela and Athalia whereas it is represented by a single sclerite traversing the wing in other Hymenoptera. Consequences related to this observation as well are drawn and future directions in Hymenoptera wing base studies are provided.

Author Comment

These results were originally posted on the Frost Entomological Museum Curators' blog: http://sites.psu.edu/frost/2014/06/13/project-snodgrass-second-axillary/

Additional Information

Competing Interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Author Contributions

István Mikó conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, wrote the paper, prepared figures and/or tables, reviewed drafts of the paper.

Andy R Deans contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, wrote the paper, reviewed drafts of the paper.

Grant Disclosures

The following grant information was disclosed by the authors:

This research was funded by the U. S. National Science Foundation (grants DBI-0850223, DEB-0842289) and by the Phenotype Research Coordination Network (NSF DEB-0956049).

Data Deposition

The following information was supplied regarding the deposition of related data:

http://figshare.com/

Funding

This research was funded by the U. S. National Science Foundation (grants DBI-0850223, DEB-0842289) and benefited from meetings organized by the Phenotype Research Coordination Network (NSF DEB-0956049). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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