Twenty steps towards an adequate inferential interpretation of p-values

Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Agribusiness Management, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
Department for Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Farm Management, Georg August University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
Institute of Business Studies, Chair of Statistics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
DOI
10.7287/peerj.preprints.3482v4
Subject Areas
Science Policy, Statistics
Keywords
p-value, statistical inference, inverse probability error, multiple testing
Copyright
© 2019 Hirschauer et al.
Licence
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ Preprints) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
Cite this article
Hirschauer N, Grüner S, Mußhoff O, Becker C. 2019. Twenty steps towards an adequate inferential interpretation of p-values. PeerJ Preprints 7:e3482v4

Abstract

We suggest twenty immediately actionable steps to reduce widespread inferential errors related to “statistical significance testing.” Our propositions refer first to the theoretical preconditions for using p-values. They furthermore include wording guidelines as well as structural and operative advice on how to present results, especially in research based on multiple regression analysis, the working horse of empirical economists. Our propositions aim at fostering the logical consistency of inferential arguments by avoiding false categorical reasoning. They are not aimed at dispensing with p-values or completely replacing frequentist approaches by Bayesian statistics.

Author Comment

We improved suggestion 6 and added details on our survey (footnote 9).