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Supplemental Information

Results of sensitivity analyses for the ERL elephant population viability models

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.27729v1/supp-1

Elephant dung disappearance rate monitoring data for the Peta region of ERL

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.27729v1/supp-2

Elephant dung disappearance rate monitoring data for the Rompin region of ERL

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.27729v1/supp-3

Elephant dung disappearance rate monitoring data for the Selai region of ERL

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.27729v1/supp-4

Line transect data for the elephant dung-pile count based survey of the ERL

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.27729v1/supp-5

Additional Information

Competing Interests

Melvin Gumal is employed by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS); Simon Hedges, Aris Oziar, and Martin Tyson were employed by WCS at the time of the study. Salman Saaban is employed by the Department of Wildlife and National Parks (DWNP) in the Ministry of Water, Land and Natural Resources; Abd Samsudin and Mohd Nawayai Yasak were employed by DWNP at the time of the study. Francis Cheong was employed by Johor National Parks Corporation (JNPC) at the time of the study. Zaleha Shaari was employed by the Department of Town and Country Planning (DTCP) at the time of the study.

Author Contributions

Abd Rasid Samsudin authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft, government oversight of study.

Mohd Nawayai Yasak contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft, government oversight of study; discussion of policy implications.

Melvin Gumal conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft, coordinated NGO involvement in study.

Salman Saaban conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft, government oversight of study; discussion of policy and wildlife management implications.

Aris Oziar conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, approved the final draft.

Francis Cheong performed the experiments, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, approved the final draft, discussion of policy implications.

Zaleha Shaari contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, approved the final draft, discussion of policy implications.

Martin Tyson conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft, discussion of policy and wildlife management implications.

Simon Hedges conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Field Study Permissions

The following information was supplied relating to field study approvals (i.e., approving body and any reference numbers):

The work was approved by the Department of Wildlife and National Parks (DWNP), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Johor National Parks Corporation (JNPC), Johor, Malaysia; senior officials from both organizations participated in the work and are authors, including the at the time Director-General of DWNP who is the first author.

Data Deposition

The following information was supplied regarding data availability:

The raw data are provided in supplementary files 2 to 5. The raw data files show (a) the number of elephant dung-piles found and the perpendicular distances from the transect lines to the centres of those dung-piles during the dung-count based survey in the study area (ERL) and (b) the disappearance rates for all elephant dung-piles monitored in the ERL.

Funding

Funding for this project was provided by the Department of Wildlife and National Parks, the Johor National Parks Corporation, the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service’s Asian Elephant Conservation Fund (No. 98210-7-G198), the CITES Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants (MIKE) program (No. QTL-2234-2661-2310-211200), and the Denver Zoological Foundation, with in-kind contributions from the State Forestry Departments of Pahang and Johor. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.


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