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Additional Information

Competing Interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Author Contributions

Tomohide Yamada conceived and designed the experiments, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Yoshinobu Kondo conceived and designed the experiments, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Ryo Momosaki conceived and designed the experiments, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.

Data Deposition

The following information was supplied regarding data availability:

Please contact authors.

Funding

This work is supported by: Japan Foundation for Applied Enzymology, Japan Health Promotion Foundation, Pfizer Health Research Foundation, Manpei Suzuki Diabetes Foundation, The Daiwa Anglo-Japanese Foundation, The TANITA Healthy Weight Community Trust, Daiwa Securities Health Foundation, The Kanae Foundation for the Promotion of Medical Science, Takano foundation, Kishimoto foundation, Foundation for Total Health Promotion, and JDS and EFSD Reciprocal Travel Research Fellowship Programme. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.


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