Genome-wide identification, phylogenetic and biochemical analysis of the APYRASE family members, and gene expression analysis in response to the abiotic and biotic stresses in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum)
- Published
- Accepted
- Subject Areas
- Genomics, Plant Science
- Keywords
- Wheat, APYRASE, abiotic and biotic stress, expression pattern, Enzymatic activity
- Copyright
- © 2019 Liu et al.
- Licence
- This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ Preprints) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
- Cite this article
- 2019. Genome-wide identification, phylogenetic and biochemical analysis of the APYRASE family members, and gene expression analysis in response to the abiotic and biotic stresses in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) PeerJ Preprints 7:e27674v1 https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.27674v1
Abstract
APYRASEs, which directly regulated the intra- and extra-cellular ATP homeostasis, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of the adaptations to various stresses in mammals, bacteria and plants. In the present study, we identified and characterized the wheat APYRASE family members at the genomic level. The results showed that a total of eight APY homologs with conserved ACR domains were identified. The wheat APYs were further analyzed bioinformatically of their sequence alignment, phylogenetic relations and conserved motifs. Although they share highly conserved secondary structure and tertiary structure, the wheat APYs could be mainly categorized into three groups, according to the phylogenetic and structural analysis. Further, these APYs exhibited similar expression patterns in the root and shoot, among which TaAPY3-1 and TaAPY3-3 had the highest expression level. The time-course expression patterns of the eight APYs in the wheat seedlings in response to the biotic stress and abiotic stress were also investigated. TaAPY3-2, TaAPY3-3, and TaAPY6 exhibited strong sensitivity to all kinds of stresses in the leaves. Some APYs showed specific expression responses, such as TaAPY6 to the heavy metal stress, and TaAPY7 to the heat and salt stress. These results suggested that the stress-inducible APYs could have potential roles in the regulation of the adaptation to the environmental stresses. Moreover, the catalytic activity of TaAPY3-1 was further analyzed in the in vitro system. The results showed that TaAPY3-1 protein exhibited high catalytic activity in degradation of ATP and ADP, but not GTP, CTP and TTP. It also has an extensive range of temperature adaptability, but rather preferred relative acid pH conditions. In this study, the genome-wide identification and characterization of the APYs in wheat could be useful for further genetic modifications to generate high-stress tolerant wheat cultivars.
Author Comment
This is a submission to PeerJ for review.
Supplemental Information
Structure analysis of the wheat APYs
The Apyrase Conserved Regions were marked with red box.
