The excavating sponge Cliona orientalis as a coral reef competitor’s on Krakatau Islands colonisation, Indonesia

  Marine and Fisheries, LPPPTK KPTK, Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesia, Gowa, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
DOI
10.7287/peerj.preprints.27594v1
Published
Accepted
Subject Areas
Biodiversity, Ecology, Marine Biology
Keywords
Krakatau, Indonesia, Sponge, Coral Reef, Competition, Colonisation
Copyright
© 2019 Putra
Licence
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ Preprints) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
Cite this article
Putra SA. 2019. The excavating sponge Cliona orientalis as a coral reef competitor’s on Krakatau Islands colonisation, Indonesia. PeerJ Preprints 7:e27594v1

Abstract

The recovery of coral reefs on Krakatau Islands after the destructive eruption in 1883 has been reported in very limited study. Coral reefs began to grow on all islands in the Krakatau volcanic complex, including the highly active volcano island i.e. Anak Krakatau (north to west coast). Survival of coral reefs in the Krakatau Islands influenced by several factors such as predation, diseases, soft coral overgrowth, and also sediment covers. Somehow, sponges as one of killer-competitor of coral reefs have never been reported in the Krakatau Islands.

Author Comment

This is a preprint submission to PeerJ Preprints.