Influence of seawater salinity on the survival, growth, development, and neonate production of Scapholeberis mucronata (O. F. Müler) (Crustacea: Cladocera)

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1 Lab of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, Fujian, China
2 Key Laboratory of Hydrobiology in Liaoning Province, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
3 Institute of Marine Science, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
DOI
10.7287/peerj.preprints.27367v1
Published
Accepted
Subject Areas
Ecology, Marine Biology
Keywords
Scapholeberis mucronata (O. F. Müler), survival, growth, salinity, neonate production
Copyright
© 2018 Wang et al.
Licence
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ Preprints) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
Cite this article
Wang L, Zhao W, Huo Y, Yin X, Wei J, Wang S. 2018. Influence of seawater salinity on the survival, growth, development, and neonate production of Scapholeberis mucronata (O. F. Müler) (Crustacea: Cladocera) PeerJ Preprints 6:e27367v1

Abstract

In order to determine the influence of of salinity on the survival, growth, development, and neonate production of the cladoceran Scapholeberis mucronata (O. F. Müler), long-term experiments were carried out at four salinity gradients (1, 2, 3, and 4) and a control (freshwater) using Chlorella pyrenoidesa as feed. The acute effect of salinity on this species indicated that salinity gradients 4 and 4.5 were its upper tolerance limits for reproduction and survival. The survival and growth rates of individuals reared in salinity gradients 1 and 2 were higher than those reared in other salinity gradients. The mean size of the female adults decreased from 820 to 743 μm when the salinity increased from salinity gradients 1 to 4. For individuals reared in salinity gradients 1 and 2, the rm of population was 1.021 and 0.903, respectively; the rate of egg production was 1.281 and 1.390, respectively; the cumulative egg production was 83.2 and 106.0 and mean life span was 16.05 and 17.30, respectively. These values of life-history parameters were higher than those of individuals reared in salinity gradient 3. No eggs were produced by females reared in gradient 4 during the entire experiment. Furthermore, individuals reared at gradients 1 and 2 had faster embryonic development. The above results imply that S. mucronata prefer an environment with lower salinity (1-2). Resting egg formation and sexual reproduction did not occur in any of the tested salinity gradients.

Author Comment

This is a submission to PeerJ for review.

Supplemental Information

Additive Figure The process of embryonic development of Scapholeberis mucronata O. F. Müler

1~2.One-cell stage; 3. Membrane lift; 4. 2-cell stage;5. 4-cell stage; 6. 8-cell stage;7. Multi-cell stage; 8. Blastula stage; 9. Gastrula stage; 10. Formation of "T" type embryo; 11. Formation of antenna rudiment; 12. Formation of pereiopod rudiment; 13. Formation of 2-compound eye; 14. Single compound eye stage; 15~16. Membrane rive; 17. Expel from matrix; 18. Parthenogenetic female; 19. Ephippial female; 20. Ephippium

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.27367v1/supp-1

The raw data and plot data for this study

The raw data and plot data file was upload as the supplemental file.

DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.27367v1/supp-2